CATALOGUE OF THE BYZANTINE COINS IN THE DUMBARTON OAKS COLLECTION AND IN THE WHITTEMORE COLLECTION

VOLUME 1

Anastasius I to Maurice 491-602

Alfred R. Bellinger

DUMBARTON OAKS RESEARCH LIBRARY AND COLLECTION WASHINGTON, DC

DUMBARTON OAKS CATALOGUES

BYZANTINE COINS

in the

DUMBARTON OAKS COLLECTION

and in the

WHITTEMORE COLLECTION

CATALOGUE OF THE BYZANTINE COINS in the

DUMBARTON OAKS COLLECTION

and in the

WHITTEMORE COLLECTION

Edited by

ALFRED R. PHILIP

BELLINGER ™ GRIERSON

Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection Washington, D.C.

VOLUME ONE

ANASTASIUS I TO MAURICE

491—602

BY

ALFRED R. BELLINGER

Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection Washington, D.C.

© 1966 Dumbarton Oaks Trustees for Harvard University Washington, D.C.

Printed in the United States of America

Second Impression, 1992

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Dumbarton Oaks. Catalogue of the Byzantine coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Col- lection and in the Whittemore Collection / edited by Alfred R. Bellinger and Philip Grierson. p- cm. Originally published: 1966. Includes bibliographical references and index. Contents: v.1. Anastasius I to Maurice 491-602 / by Alfred R. Bellinger. ISBN 0-88402-012-6 1. Coins, Byzantine—Catalogs. 2. Dumbarton Oaks—Catalogs. 3. Fogg Art Museum—Catalogs. I. Bellinger, Alfred Raymond, 1893- II. Grierson, Philip. III. Title. IV. Title: Byzantine coins. V. Title: Whittemore Collection. CJ1215.U62W364 1966 737.4937074'753—de20 92-9036 CIP

FOREWORD

HE significance of Byzantine coins as a medium for the study of the art

and history of Byzantium, in addition to their value as objects of intrinsic beauty and distinction, was fully appreciated by Mr. and Mrs. Bliss during the years when they were assembling their Byzantine collection, and accounts for the presence of a small group of coins in the Collection when their gift of Dumbarton Oaks to the Trustees for Harvard University was made in 1940. Through the continuing generosity and enthusiasm of the founders this initial group of coins has developed into a collection of considerable size and importance.

It was largely due to the interest and perception of Professor Albert M. Friend, however, that it was decided that Dumbarton Oaks should undertake the assembling of as distinguished a collection of Byzantine coins as possible. When in 1948 Dumbarton Oaks acquired the Hayford Peirce Collection, it became evident that the advice and guidance of a specialist in Byzantine numismatics was essential to the proper systematic growth of the collection. It was our good fortune that Professor Philip Grierson accepted our invitation in 1955 to become Advisor in Byzantine Numismatics, a position which he still holds. Without his intimate knowledge of the Byzantine series the Dumbarton Oaks Collection would never have assumed, in either substance or magnitude, the proportions which it has attained. The time and study which he has devoted to the solution of the problems inherent in such a program, in spite of his other commitments at the Universities of Cambridge and Brussels, cannot be ade- quately acknowledged.

During the many years that Professor Alfred Bellinger has served on our Board of Scholars he has become closely associated with Dumbarton Oaks and keenly concerned with our collection of coins, to the special characteristics of which he has given much thought and research. As the Collection grew it became obvious that a catalogue should be published in order to make available to scholars and collectors the enormous mass of material assembled at Dum- barton Oaks. Dumbarton Oaks is indeed most privileged to have been able to persuade Professors Bellinger and Grierson to undertake the production of

vi FOREWORD

this important publication, of which this first volume was prepared during Professor Bellinger’s appointment as Visiting Scholar and Professor Grier- son’s recent annual visits. It is our belief that this Catalogue will be a dis- tinguished contribution to Byzantine studies. Nothing could give me more satisfaction, therefore, than to have this opportunity of formally acknowledging our indebtedness and gratitude to these two scholars.

John S. Thacher, Director

CONTENTS

POPE WOT pie 8e 0 i oo as oie dla cces dealers Sth ON Gla Siang etaee-s ge aes wa Be ws v TTATOGUCHON: 35 inking Keres bs ah RAG oeeeNG ap eee bos shee wees ix History of the Collections: -é:.:.0.60s5..% Jars odines coe Seles eget wanseleaid. 6434 xiii Collections and Dealers Cited ........ 0... cc cee cece cece eee xix Bibliography 2.5 $5c1o)s.2\el ioe head eh alos Sie dele sas Mae aiaral due oust eb 7s etee alt Xxil References Cited in Abbreviation ............ 0... e eee eee eee XxXvi Catalogue of Coins 2.0.0.0... ccc eee creer ence eens eee ee eeeees I Anastasius I (491-518) 6... cece eee eee eens 2 ‘Justin: T(518-527) oss coe eves eee doen eee seals Ke tee eS eae Ew S 34 Justin I and Justinian I (527) ...... 0... eee eee 57 Justinian T (527-565) 2. css eeeeecee ene cece ea de veene nese 62 Justin TT, (565-978). sc szes as sa wiae olape ciewslce ele ious aie ale d's oe Bid ele dere 195 Justin II and Tiberius II (578) ............ 0.00.00 cece eee ee eee 263 Tiberius IT (578=§82) ois iccc cece cite cece eee ee cae be se bee wee eee 264. Maurice’ (582-602): 0) o33. kids ons tae ide eta toe gadianee Sebea dels 291 Theodosius, Son of Maurice (602) ........... 0. cece eee eee eee 376 Indexes I. Emperors and Their Relatives ........ 20... 0. ccc cece eee 377 TT Mints! «ooatiwcaiinns.ons. pides, bowen tere Soe ksws oNMEe Rea are 377 THT. “Genieral: Index. jo:ci08 ocean eg vie dies SE Sa 2 bie Bat eibeda etal 377

IV. Reverse Inscriptions, Marks of Value, Monograms and Letters, CECE eee tecarelies eSuells ne Sid ocho Wialet aus be olathe gees aoa ate eee mar BOO

INTRODUCTION

HE primary purpose of this Catalogue is to publish all the Byzantine

coins in the possession of Dumbarton Oaks and the Fogg Museum. The decision to follow the example of Wroth and begin with the reign of Anastasius I was taken because that is the point where our holdings show, with an approach to completeness, the types and varieties known. A summary catalogue of earlier gold and silver has been published: A. R. Bellinger, P. Bruun, J. P. C. Kent, and C. H. V. Sutherland, “Late Roman Gold and Silver Coins at Dumbarton Oaks: Diocletian to Eugenius,”’ Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 18 (1964), and it is intended to treat separately the coinage of the period from the death of Theodosius I to the death of Zeno. For the period from Anastasius on, it was tempting to aim at a complete corpus, adding to our own collection types from elsewhere which we did not possess. Such a work would certainly be of more use to the student than the catalogue of any single collection. However, a search which should achieve completeness would be so long an affair that our primary purpose must be greatly delayed, or even finally abandoned. Yet, it did seem desirable to increase our list by such supplements as lay ready to hand. We have therefore drawn upon three standard works:

Warwick Wroth, Catalogue of the Imperial Byzantine Coins in the British

Museum (London, 1908)

Jean Tolstoi, Monnaies byzantines (St. Petersburg, 1912-14)

Rodolfo Ratto, Sale Catalogue, Monnaies byzantines (Lugano, 1930). All our entries have references to these, and where they publish types or varieties that we do not have, these are included in parentheses. We have not used in the same way either Sabatier or his predecessors, for that would have involved discussion of many doubtful pieces, illustrated inadequately or not at all, which would have added unreasonably to our commentary. There are, however, exhaustive, or nearly exhaustive, studies of certain special and well- defined groups of coins, from which we have listed, in parentheses, coins which we do not possess?. In addition, some issues of particular interest or importance

1 For the coinage of Sicily, the work of Diego Ricotti Prina, ‘‘La monetazione siciliana nell’epoca bizantina,”” Numismatica, 16 (1950), is a virtually complete corpus, and has been used as a standard reference and as a source of entries supplementing these collections.

Howard Adelson’s Light Weight Solidi and Byzantine Trade during the Sixth and Seventh Centuries

x INTRODUCTION

have been drawn from excavation reports or periodical literature and Professor Grierson has supplied information on a few coins in the British Museum not published in Wroth. This procedure has added considerably to the size of the list and therefore, we hope, to its usefulness, but it is to be feared that the logic of inclusion and exclusion will not always be clear to the reader and that he may complain here, as in some other aspects of the Catalogue, of a certain lack of consistency.

Like Wroth’s, this Catalogue suffers from the necessity of including every- thing in the Collection. There are tedious series of unimportant coins, differing only in the trivia of weight and die-position, which sometimes falsify the proportions originally issued. The writer of the ultimate work on the By- zantine coinage ought to be able to put the issues in perspective so that exceptions, however striking and dear to collectors, will not obscure the importance of the standard series which did the essential monetary work of the Empire.

The descriptions, supplemented by illustration, ought to make plain the appearance of the coins, but there is a subjective element in a description which must of necessity be selective in recording details. There are many cases where an inconspicuous detail is more significant than an obvious one. It is clear that some of them will have been overlooked here and must wait for a keener eye to call attention to their existence.

Particular difficulty is occasioned by the inscriptions, for when these appear in print they give an air of certainty which is not always justified. The procedure used to record them here is as follows: when an inscription is, in the main, invariable, it is printed above the description of the type, and letters missing on individual coins are not noted. Exceptions are recorded only when they con- sist of a visible error (such as UV for N). When the form of an inscription must be presumed because it never occurs in its entirety, what is supposed to be its com- plete form is sometimes printed in square brackets and such portions as are visible are given beside the individual specimens. When one denomination with regular inscription is followed by another on which the same inscription is assumed to have been intended, the text may read “same inscription’ and notice will be taken only of visible deviations, not of invisible letters whose absence is perhaps the result of accident rather than of design. Unusual letter forms are reproduced approximately, though in designing special type face a

is, like Ricotti, a listing of all specimens known to him. All varieties, though not all specimens, are included in this Catalogue.

Three papers by Grierson, while disclaiming completeness, deal with such extensive collections of coins in their areas that they have been used in the same way. They are: ‘Dated Solidi of Maurice, Phocas, and Heraclius,”” NC®, 10 (1950), pp. 49-70; “‘The Consular Coinage of ‘Heraclius’ and the Revolt against Phocas of 608-610,” ibid., pp. 71-93; ‘‘Solidi of Phocas and Heraclius: the Chronological Frame- work,” ibid., 19 (1959), Ppp. 131-54.

INTRODUCTION xi

measure of standardization was necessarily introduced. It must be remembered that the die-sinker might have varied his forms arbitrarily, and also that a remarkable form could be merely the result of wear and corrosion. The easiest course is to record everything visible, and I suspect that I have yielded to that temptation too often. But when, as sometimes happens, it is clear that the die-sinker did not know what he was doing and produced only meaningless marks instead of letters, I have declined to reproduce all the variations of his illiteracy. I make the general plea that it is useless to try to give consistent treatment to material fundamentally inconsistent.

In spite of their vagaries, Byzantine coins have the great importance of forming a continuous, datable series of mediaeval artifacts. Looking at them with the eye of a classicist, Wroth could not find much to say in defense of their artistic merit. The highest tribute he was able to pay to “the Byzantine currency as a whole’ was that “in most periods it may be said to display, if not artistic quality, yet at any rate a certain numismatic propriety.’’ But perhaps a somewhat different approach will yield more of interest. In the time of Anastasius I the coinage of the Mediterranean world was divided between two traditions: that of the Sassanian Persians, whose roots go back to the Achaemenids, and that of the Roman Empire which, as Wroth says, can be traced back through Constantine to the early emperors and thence to the Hellenistic kings and Alexander. The money of the barbarians is imitative of the latter, and it is a long while before any independent tradition arises in the West. The steps by which imitation gave place to invention and Western coins freed themselves of artistic dependence on the Empire tell a fascinating story, but one almost infinitely complex because of the great number of mints involved. In the end, when the types of Byzantium show a complete artistic collapse, the beautiful patterns of the West even exert some influence upon them, though not a very happy one. The Persian tradition is overwhelmed by that of Islam, where influence of Mosaic law reduces the type to in- scriptions alone. This also influences the Empire, where for a time in- scriptions came to be used as the whole type on silver and copper though never on gold.

Between the proliferating patterns of the West and the inscriptions of the East the imperial coinage follows its own course of development. To the two great themes of majesty and sanctity, which dominate the series as a whole, Anastasius added the device of using a mark of value as type, which practice lingered on into the ninth century and, at its most successful, shows the best example of ‘‘numismatic propriety.”’ It would be a great mistake to suppose that the course of the coinage must parallel that of the other arts. Though the big folles of Justinian I are appropriate to the early years of an ambitious reign, the gold with its facing portrait gives no indication of the artistic

xii INTRODUCTION

resources manifest in Hagia Sophia, while the much more brilliant facing portrait comes as a surprise in the obscure reign of Justinian II, and the student can hardly believe that the beautiful fourteenth-century mosaics of the Kariye Djami can be contemporary with the deplorable coins of the period. There are epochs of greater congruence however, and sometimes the art of a period has no other documents than the coins. But their chief signifi- cance lies not in how they compare with contemporary works, but in the invention, persistence, and decay of one formula after another. The series of portraits of Leo VI, Constantine VII, and Romanus II is an exceptional effort which could not be maintained, whereas the conventional linear busts which begin with Justinian II and continue, with modifications, to Leo VI show the usefulness and the weaknesses of a stereotype. Those who can rid themselves of classical prejudices will find much that is significant in the By- zantine coinage, especially its repeated demonstration that the attempt to copy leads to exhaustion of the model and its eventual abandonment.

To my predecessors I owe a great debt for their service in putting this material in preliminary order. The earlier possessors of these collections did much of the work of identification. Mr. James D. Breckenridge labelled all the coins of the Peirce Collection and Dr. Andreas I. Dikigoropoulos made out cards for all the coins published here, contributing acute observations on their proper identification which frequently supplement and correct the arrangement of Wroth.

My assistants Julia Cardozo and Julian Hartzell have not only rendered essential help by typing my manuscript, but also, in their growing familiarity with the material, have added much to the correctness and the significance of the work. I am in their debt for making enjoyable phases of the work which might otherwise have been mere drudgery.

The gold and silver has been photographed by my friend Professor Peter Berghaus of the University of Miinster, while my wife has performed the heroic task of making plaster casts of all the copper to be illustrated on the plates. Pictures of the casts have been made with great patience and skill by Wallace Lane and Richard Amt, the Dumbarton Oaks photographers.

Finally, my colleague Professor Philip Grierson has been of invaluable aid in all aspects of the work. The quotations in the text will show part of what I owe to him, but much that is not specially noted is the result of his wide acquaintance with other collections and of his critical acumen. If I have not always agreed with him, I have always benefited by his opinions, and the great majority of the amendments of earlier work is his.

Alfred R. Bellinger

HISTORY OF THE COLLECTIONS

HE two Collections covered by the Catalogue of which this is the first

volume consist almost entirely of Byzantine coins, but are essentially different in character. Thomas Whittemore bequeathed his collection to Harvard University in 1950, specifying that it must retain its separate identity and remain at the Fogg Museum in Cambridge. The Dumbarton Oaks Collec- tion, which is the property of the Trustees for Harvard University, is based on that of Hayford Peirce, and was acquired from his widow in 1948. Unlike the Whittemore Collection, which must retain its individuality unchanged, it has been systematically expanded since that date. The two together form what is probably the largest and most important collection of Byzantine coins in the possession of any single institution.

THE WHITTEMORE COLLECTION

Thomas Whittemore (1871-1950), founder and director of the Byzantine Institute, is best known for his work on the mosaics of Hagia Sophia, but his archaeological and artistic interests covered a wide field, and he built up an important collection of Byzantine coins and seals. The coins numbered 3700 at the time of his death, 3400 of these being Byzantine and the remainder late Roman (before A.D. 395) or Islamic. The terms of his will provided that its very numerous duplicates could be transferred on loan to Dumbarton Oaks. The task of putting the Collection in order and sorting out the duplicates was begun by Mr. Roland Gray, a friend of Mr. Whittemore, and gradually carried to completion by Professor Bellinger, Mr. Speros Vryonis, Professor George E. Bates, and myself. Just under 2000 Byzantine coins now remain in the Fogg Museum.

In only a few cases, where he made purchases at sales in western Europe, does any record survive of the provenances of Mr. Whittemore’s coins. His collection was practically unknown to scholars during his lifetime, though N. A. Mouchmov was allowed to publish a rare silver coin of the Emperor Alexander which had been found in Bulgaria.1 Two hoards which he had

1 “Une monnaie d'argent de l’empereur Alexandre,’ Byzantion, VI (1931), pp. 99-100.

xiv HISTORY OF THE COLLECTIONS

acquired en bloc have been published since his death.? The seals have been studied by Pere Laurent and are being included in his Corpus of Byzantine seals at present in course of publication.

THE DUMBARTON OAKS COLLECTION

A small number of coins was included in the original gift of Dumbarton Oaks by Mr. and Mrs. Robert Woods Bliss to the Trustees for Harvard Uni- versity in 1940. The great majority of those now at Dumbarton Oaks, however, come from four large private collections which were acquired virtually en bloc: the Peirce Collection (1948), the Byzantine coins in my own collection (1956), a private collection acquired in Switzerland (1956, 1960), and the Schindler Collection (1960).

Hayford Peirce (1883-1946) was not a professional scholar, but his L’ Art byzantin, published in collaboration with his friend Royall Tyler in 1932, assures him an honored place in the history of Byzantine studies. This work covered an extremely wide range of objects including coins and medals, of whose importance for the study of Byzantine art he was keenly aware. He acquired many Byzantine objects, but his collection of coins, which numbered. 4300 at the time of his death, was his principal interest. Nearly 3000 of these belonged to the Byzantine series, the remainder being mainly Roman Imperial, western mediaeval, and Islamic.

The history of the Collection can be reconstructed only in part, since many of the coins have no indications of provenance and, even where dealers’ tickets have been preserved, the names of the dealers and the dates of acquisition have not always been noted. Dated tickets belong entirely to the 1920’s and the 1930’s, and it was evidently in the inter-war years that the collection was mainly built up. The largest single group of acquisitions came from the dealer Andronicus, probably in the early 1920’s. Many coins came from French dealers—Feuardent, Page, Ciani, Platt, Bourgey—no doubt through Peirce having lived in Paris for several years. The chief London purchases were from Spink, though a number of copper coins were acquired at various times from W. S. Lincoln. In the United States Peirce bought extensively from the St. Louis Coin Co. and from Wayte Raymond of New York, especially in the late 1920’s. In Italy he bought from Baranowsky in Milan and Santamaria

2S, Vryonis, ‘‘An Attic Hoard of Byzantine Gold Coins (668-741) from the Thomas Whittemore Collection and the Numismatic Evidence for the History of Byzantium,’”’ Mélanges Ostrogorsky, I (= Recueil des travaux de l'Institut d'Etudes byzantines, VIII (Belgrade, 1963]), pp. 291-300; A. R. Bellinger, ‘‘A Hoard of Silver Coins of the Empire of Nicaea,’ Centennial Publication of the American Numismatic Society, ed. by H. Ingholt (New York, 1958), pp. 73-81.

HISTORY OF THE COLLECTIONS XV

in Rome, in Austria from Kallai in Vienna, in the Netherlands from Schulman in Amsterdam. A few coins are marked as having been acquired by Royall Tyler in Budapest. German dealers seem to have supplied him with practically nothing, despite the position of Frankfurt am Main and Munich as centers of the coin trade in these years.

Auction sales were also important. Peirce was already buying on a small scale at three notable Byzantine sales of the early 1920’s, the first of the Sir Arthur Evans sales (Geneva: Naville, 16 June 1922), the so-called “Foreign Prince” Sale at Glendining on 8 December 1922, and the “Russian Nobleman”’ Sale at Sotheby on 2 June 1924. The two latter were respectively the gold and silver coins from the family collection of Prince Cantacuzene, which had been formed in the seventeenth century, and the collection of the Grand Duke Alexander Michailovich whose Byzantine series, while not numerous, included some great rarities. In 1924 he bought extensively from the Roman and By- zantine series in the Clarence S. Bement Collection, sold by Naville at Geneva (25 June). In 1928, at the Prince Philipp of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha Sale (Hamburger, 20 February), he had the good fortune to buy one of the only two known solidi of the Emperor Romanus II, this being wrongly catalogued as a coin of Con- stantine VII. (The other he bought from Spink in 1936, so that both are now at Dumbarton Oaks.) He made a number of acquisitions at the two most important Byzantine sales in the 1930’s, the Ratto sale of g December 1930 and the first of the Fiirstenberg sales at Frankfurt am Main on 30 May 1932 (A. E. Cahn, Auct. 75). The Ratto Sale was that of a great collection which had been built up by the Italian dealer Rodolfo Ratto in the hope that its eventual dispersal would recommend Byzantine coins to a wider circle of collectors, and, although the economic crisis denied it the financial success which it deserved, the catalogue was so generously illustrated that it has be- come a standard reference work on Byzantine numismatics. The Fiirstenberg Collection from Donaueschingen was of particular interest to Byzantinists, partly because it included the Byzantine coins of Felicien de Saulcy (1807-80), whose Essai de classement des suites monétaires byzantines (Metz, 1836) was the earliest monograph on Byzantine numismatics, and partly because its curator for many years was Freiherr Franz Simon von Pfaffenhoffen, the author of the earliest book on the coinage of Trebizond. It was at Pfaffenhoffen’s instance that Prince Karl Egon II acquired de Saulcy’s collection in 1846.

The Peirce Collection, after its arrival at Dumbarton Oaks, was put in order, identified, and labelled by Mr. James D. Breckenridge, who had worked on the Byzantine coins at Princeton and at the Museum of the American Numismatic Society and who later published an important monograph on the coinage of Justinian IT. In the years immediately following 1948 the chief further acqui- sitions were late Roman medallions and aurei, the most important group of

xvi HISTORY OF THE COLLECTIONS

these being from the Jameson Collection. In 1954, however, the decision was made to limit the Collection in principle to the Byzantine series and to build it up systematically as a preliminary to the publication of a catalogue.

When in 1955 I was invited to be Advisor in Byzantine Numismatics at Dumbarton Oaks I decided to cease collecting Byzantine coins on my own behalf and dispose of those I already had. A substantial number of these (530, including 120 in gold) were bought in 1956 by Dumbarton Oaks to fill gaps in its existing series, while others which I had retained for further study have been presented at later dates. The value of the collection resided partly in the gold coins, which, while not including many rarities, were for the most part in extremely fine condition, and partly in the copper, which included a number of rarities and unique pieces and filled many gaps of mints and officinae in the sixth and seventh centuries.

My collection was formed in the decade after 1945. A substantial proportion of the coins came from the Lord Grantley Collection, which was dispersed in a series of eleven sales by Glendining between 1943 and 1945. The Byzantine coins were in the seventh sale (25 May 1944) and the supplementary series of Thessalonica, Nicaea, and Trebizond in the eleventh sale (26 April 1945). Most of these coins were bought for stock by London dealers, since under wartime conditions there were few private and no foreign purchasers, and I acquired them only indirectly in 1945 or later from the firms of A. H. Baldwin, Seaby, and Spink. This meant that in most cases the further pedigrees of the coins were lost, for they were sold by Glendining in large lots and it was difficult to match Lord Grantley’s tickets, where they had been kept at all, against the actual coins. This was the more unfortunate in that many of Lord Grantley’s Byzantine copper coins had come from the Prince Cantacuzene Collection, having been bought separately by Spink and sold privately to Lord Grantley instead of being added to the gold and silver when these were auctioned in 1922.

The next important collection was the one purchased for Dumbarton Oaks in Switzerland in 1956 and 1g60 from a collector who wished to remain anonymous. It was extremely large, amounting to over 10,000 coins, but the great majority of these were of copper and they included a vast number of duplicates, partly as a result of huge accumulations of copper coins of the tenth and eleventh centuries and partly through the presence of several hoards of scyphate billon coins of the Comnenid period. The exact provenances of these, as of most of the contents of the collection, were unrecorded. A few individual coins were labelled as coming from the Ratto Sale of 1930 or as bought individually from western European coin dealers, but the general absence of coin tickets, and indeed, for many sections, of labelling of any kind suggests that the collection represented in the main a gradual accumulation of

HISTORY OF THE COLLECTIONS XVii

purchases presumably made from coin and antique dealers in the Balkans and the Near East in the inter-war period. Its great value, from the scientific point of view, derived from the very large number of Palaeologid coins it contained, since this series is rather poorly represented in the British Museum and other western collections.

The last important collection to be added was that of Captain Leo Schindler (x885-1957)!, a well-known Austrian numismatist, which was acquired from his widow in 1960. Schindler was a collector from his childhood, but the great bulk of his Byzantine coins were acquired after 1940. His publications were limited to a few articles in the Numismatische Zeitschrift and the Mitteilungen der Numismatischen Gesellschaft in Wien, but he was very active in the world of collectors and during the last few years of his life, when he was living in Vienna with easy access to the Miinzkabinett, he was preparing a general work on Byzantine coinage of the period 491-1081. The manuscript of this, beautifully illustrated with his own drawings, is now at Dumbarton Oaks, but though it contains much unpublished material from the Miinzkabinett and from museums. and private collections in Austria and Italy, it has to be used with caution, since the listings and readings of coin inscriptions are not always reliable. The chief value of the Schindler Collection, which totalled nearly 2500 coins, lay in its series of copper coins of the sixth and seventh centuries, many in ex- ceptionally fine condition. They were mainly acquired from local dealers and auctioneers in Vienna (Kallai, Dorotheum) or by exchange with other collectors. Provenances (former owner and date) are carefully noted for all the later acquisitions, but for most of the earlier ones there is no record.

In addition to these four major collections two smaller ones deserve special mention, those of Mr. G. Howland Shaw (1893-1965), presented in 1947, and of Professor Albert M. Friend (1894-1956), Director of Studies at Dumbarton Oaks from 1948 to 1954, which came by bequest in 1957. In both collections the coins had been selected for their artistic and iconographical interest and were mainly of gold. Mr. Shaw’s collection of 150 coins was acquired during his years of travel abroad. Many of the 122 coins in Professor Friend’s collection had been bought through the agency of the dealer Edward Gans and were from sales of the decade 1945-55, but detailed provenances are in most cases not preserved.

The assimilation of the large numbers of coins in these various collections, their proper ordering and labelling, and the elimination of duplicates have been tasks to which a number of scholars from time to time contributed. Mr. George P. Galavaris, Dr. Andreas I. Dikigoropoulos, and Mr. Michael F. Hendy have at various times corrected or supplemented identifications

1 Obituary notice and bibliography by T. Bertelé in Rivista Italiana di Numismatica, 59 (1957), pp. 120-2.

XVvili HISTORY OF THE COLLECTIONS

and arrangements worked out originally by Mr. Breckenridge, Professor Bellinger, and myself. Since 1954 there has also been a systematic effort to round off the Collection and fill lacunae by the purchase of individual rarities and groups of coins as they have come on the market. Details of these acquisitions will be found in the appropriate places in the text.

Philip Grierson

COLLECTIONS AND DEALERS CITED

The scholars, collectors, and dealers of each generation usually know each other but are at a loss to identify their predecessors. The list that follows includes most of the names of dealers and collectors mentioned in the present Catalogue. The addition of the word “scholar” identifies those individuals having published works in their names; it does not imply that other collectors may not be scholars also. Auction sales are identified by the name of the firm and the date of the first day of the sale.

Asgott, G. H. (Sydney, N.S.W.). Collector. Collection sold by GLENDINING, Io October IQ5I.

ALEXANDER MICHAILOVICH, GRAND DUKE (St. Petersburg). Collector. His Byzantine coins were included in the ‘Russian Nobleman”’ sale at SoTHEBY, 2 June 1924.

Anpronicus (Istanbul). Coin dealer.

APOSTOLO ZENO. See ZENO, APOSTOLO.

Ars ET Nummus (Milan). Coin dealers.

AvER, Louis. Collector.

Ba.pwin, A. H. (London). Coin dealers.

Bat, Rosert (Berlin). Coin dealer.

Batvin, ADALBERT (Leibnitz, Styria). Collector.

Bank LEv (Zurich). Coin dealers. See also HEss, A.

Baranowsky, M. (Milan, later Rome). Coin dealer.

BAUMGARTNER, Econ (Marburg). Scholar and collector.

BEISSER, JOSEF (Vienna). Scholar and collector.

BEMENT, CLARENCE S. (Philadelphia). Collector. Roman and Byzantine coins sold by NAVILLE, 25 June 1924.

BERTELE, ToMMASO (Verona). Scholar and collector.

BINDER, GEORG (Hamburg). Coin dealer.

Bourcey, E. (Paris). Coin dealer.

BRUMMER, JOSEPH (New York). Art and antique dealer.

Buttrey, T. V. (New Haven). Scholar and collector.

Cann, ADoLPH E. (Frankfurt am Main). Coin dealer.

CANTACUZENE, PRINCE. Russian collector. Byzantine bronze coins acq. by SPINK and ultimately by LorD GRANTLEY; gold and silver coins included in the “Foreign Prince” sale, GLENDINING, 8 December 1922.

CurIsTIE’s (London). General auctioneers.

Cran1, Louis (Paris). Coin dealer.

Coin GALLERIES (New York). Coin dealers.

Cosson, C. A. DE. Collector. Collection sold by SoTHEBY, Ig March 1951.

DeErrimaN, J. S. (London). Collector.

Ditten, J. (Brussels). Coin dealer.

DONAUESCHINGEN. See FURSTENBERG.

xx COLLECTIONS AND DEALERS CITED

DoroTHEvo (Vienna). Auctioneers.

EccER, BRUDER (Budapest, later Vienna). Coin dealers.

EHRENDORFER, FRITZ. Collector.

Fatco, G. DE (Naples). Coin dealer.

FLORANGE, JULES (Paris). Coin dealer.

“Foreign Ambassador.” GLENDINING sale, 7 March 1957.

“Foreign Prince,” See CANTACUZENE.

Forrer, L. S. (London). Coin dealer.

FRANCESCHI, B. (Brussels). Coin dealer.

FReETER, T. H. (Silver Spring, Md.). Collector.

FreytaG, Kart (Vienna). Scholar and collector.

FRIEND, A. M. (Princeton). Scholar and collector. See supra, p. xvii.

FURSTENBERG, Prince (Donaueschingen). Family collection of which the Byzantine section was sold in CAHN Auction 75, 30 May 1932. See supra, p. xv.

Gans, Epwarp (New York, later Berkeley, Calif.) Dealer (“Numismatic Fine Arts’’).

GLENDINING & Co. (London). Auctioneers.

GorF, SiR E. Collector. Collection sold by CurisTIE, 13 December 1948.

GraBow, Lupwic (Rostock, later Berlin). Coin dealer.

Graf, EmILig (Vienna). Dealer, successor to KALLAI.

GRANTLEY, Lorp (1855-1943). Collector. Collection sold by GLENDINING in eleven sales in 1943-45. See supra, p. xvi.

Graz; Pfandleih und Versteigerungsamt der Stadt Graz.

GRIERSON, PuiLip (Cambridge). Scholar and collector. See supra, p. xvi.

Haines, G. C. (London). Scholar and collector.

HALL, H. Pratt (Llanymynech). Collector. His Byzantine coins were sold by GLENDINING, 16 November 1950.

HambBurcEr, Leo (Frankfurt am Main). Coin dealer.

HARTMANN, ERwIN (Vienna). Collector.

HELBING, Otro (Munich). Coin dealer. Succeeded by Kress.

Hess, A. Nacur. (Frankfurt am Main, later Lucerne). Coin dealers. A series of important sales in association with Bank Leu began in 1954.

Hirscu, G. (Stockholm). Coin dealer.

Hirscu, GERHARD (Munich). Coin dealer.

Hirscu, Jacos (Munich, later New York). Art and coin dealer.

HoiiscuHek, Kart (Vienna). Collector. His Byzantine coins, many of them from the WINDISCH-GRATZ collection (q.v.), were included in a DoRoTHEUM sale of 18 De- cember 1960. A number of the rarities were catalogued by H. Longuet, ‘“‘Die unedierten byzantinischen Miinzen des Wiener Kabinettes,” NZ, 77 (1957), pp. 28-57, under the heading “‘Sammlung H.”

Ka rat, D. (Vienna). Dealer. Firm carried on by EMILiE GraF after 1938.

KapaMADJI, MMe. (Paris). Coin dealer, successor to FLORANGE, whose name she has carried on.

Kress, Kart (Munich). Coin dealer. Successor to OTTO HELBING.

KricHELporr, H. H. (Stuttgart). Coin dealer.

COLLECTIONS AND DEALERS CITED Xxi

Lanz, HERMANN (Graz). Dealer.

Le Branc (Boston).

LEUTHOLD, Enrico (Milan). Scholar and collector.

Lincotn, W. S. (London). Coin dealer.

LuxasTIK, FRANz (Vienna). Collector.

Mayjorana, E. (Naples). Coin dealer.

MAYREDER, Fritz (Vienna). Scholar and collector.

Mitra, ARTHUR (Vienna). Collector.

Montacu, Henry (London). Collector. The Roman and Byzantine part of his collection was sold by ROLLIN ET FEUARDENT, 20 April 1896.

MiNZEN UND MEDAILLEN A. G. BasEL (Basel). Coin dealers; a continuation of the firm next mentioned.

MUNZHANDLUNG BasEL (Basel). Coin dealers.

NavILtE, Lucien (Geneva). Scholar and coin dealer.

“Numismatic Fine Arts.” See GANs, EDWARD.

Pace, T. (Paris). Coin dealer.

Peirce, HAYForD (1883-1946). Scholar and collector. See supra, pp. xiv—xv.

PENDL, WERNER (Vienna). Collector.

Peus, Busso (Frankfurt am Main). Coin dealer.

Piatt, CLEMENT (Paris). Coin dealer.

Pratt, Marcet (Paris). Coin dealer, successor to CLEMENT PLATT.

PoNTON D’AMECOURT, VICOMTE DE. French scholar and collector. Roman and Byzantine collection sold by ROLLIN ET FEUARDENT, 24 April 1887.

ProsszT, GUNTHER (Graz). Scholar and dealer, successor to LANz.

RAsHLEIGH, J. C. S. (Okehampton). Collector. His Byzantine coins were sold by GLEN- DINING, 14 January 1953.

Ratto, Mario (Paris, later Milan). Coin dealer, successor to RODOLFo RATTO.

RattTo, RopoiFo (Genoa, later Milan). Coin dealer. See supra, pp. ix, xv.

RayMonD, WAYTE (New York). Coin dealer.

ROLLIN ET FEUARDENT (Paris). Coin dealers.

“Russian Nobleman”’ sale. See ALEXANDER MICHAILOVICH, GRAND DUKE.

Sr. Louis Corn Co. (St. Louis, Mo.). Coin dealers.

SANTAMARIA, P. AND P. (Rome). Coin dealers.

SauLcy, F. DE (Paris). Scholar and collector. His Byzantine coins passed to the FURSTEN- BERG Collection in 1846 (supra, p. xv).

SCHEIGER, F, (Graz). Collector.

SCHINDLER, LEo (Neumarkt [Styria], later Vienna). Scholar and collector. See supra, p. xvii.

SCHREINER, THERESE (Vienna). Dealer.

SCHULMAN, Hans (New York). Coin dealer.

SCHULMAN, JACQUES (Amsterdam). Coin dealer.

SEaBy, B. A. (London). Coin dealer.

SELTMAN, CHARLES T. (Cambridge). Scholar and collector.

Suaw, G. How.anp (Washington, D. C.). Collector. See supra, p. xvii.

xxii BIBLIOGRAPHY

SHERBORN, C. Davies (London). Scholar and collector. Specialized in Byzantine copper coins. His rarer coins, published in a series of short notes in Spink’s Numismatic Circular between 1914 and 1938, were given to the British Museum (see NCS, 14 (1934], pp. 37-47), but the major part of his collection is now in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge.

SOTHEBY, WILKINSON & HopcE (London). General auctioneers.

Spink & Son (London). Art and antique dealers, including coins.

STEFAN, FRIEDRICH (Graz). Scholar and collector.

Tuoma, WALTER (Hausmening, Austria). Collector.

TINCHANT, PauL (Brussels). Coin dealer.

TRINKS, WILHELM (Vienna). Dealer.

TYLER, Roya (Washington, D. C.). Scholar.

ULricH-Bansa, BARON Oscar (Besana Brianza). Scholar and collector.

VincHon, Paut (Paris). Coin dealer.

VoGEL, WILHELM. Collector. His collection was sold by A. Hess in eleven sales between 1924 and 1929. The Byzantine coins were included in Auction 194 of 25 March 1929.

WEBER, E. F. (Hamburg). Collector. The Byzantine series in his collection of ancient coins were included in what is generally called the second “Consul Weber sale,” Jacob Hirsch, Cat. XXIV, 10 May 1909.

WHITTEMORE, THOMAS (1871-1950). Scholar and collector, See supra, pp. xiii-xiv.

Winpiscu-GRATz, ERNST, PRINCE zU (Austria). Collector. The Byzantine coins were catalogued by T. Rohde in O. Voetter’s catalogue, Collection Ernst Fiirst zu Windisch-Gratz, VI (Vienna, 1904), pt. 3. They were subsequently acquired by Kar HOLiscHeK (q.v.).

WoLF, BARON FRANz (Graz). Scholar and collector.

Wruck, WALDEMAR (Berlin). Scholar and coin dealer.

ZENO, APOSTOLO (Vienna). Eighteenth-century collector. His collection of ancient coins was acquired in 1747 by the abbey of Saint Florian, and was sold in the 1950’s by the DorotHEvm, Vienna. The Byzantine coins were in the second sale, 8 June

1956.

BIBLIOGRAPHY GENERAL

ADELSON, Howarp L. Light Weight Solidi and Byzantine Trade during the Sixth and

Seventh Centuries, NNM, 138 (New York, 1957)

“A Note on the Miliarense from Constantine to Heraclius,”’ MN, 7 (1957), pp-

124-35

and Kustas, GreorGcE L. “‘A Sixth Century Hoard of Minimi from the Western

Peloponnese,” MN, 11 (1964), pp. 159-205

BELLINGER, ALFRED R. “Roman and Byzantine Medallions in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection,” DO Papers, 12 (1958), pp. 125-56

BIBLIOGRAPHY XXxiii

BERTELE, T. ““Monete bizantine inedite o rare,’ ZfN, 36 (1926), pp. 1-36

Corpus Nummorum Italicorum, 10 (Rome, 1927)

FRIEDLANDER, J. Die Miinzen der Ostgoten (Berlin, 1844)

GoopacrE, H. A Handbook of the Coinage of the Byzantine Empire (2nd ed., London, 1957)

GriERsON, P. ‘A Byzantine Hoard from North Africa,” NC®, 13 (1953), pp. 146-8

“Una ceca bizantina en Espafia,”’ Numario Hispdnico, 4 (1955), pp. 305-14

“The Tablettes Albertini and the Value of the Solidus in the Fifth and Sixth

Centuries a.D.,” Journal of Roman Studies, 49 (1959), pp. 73-80

——— “Coinage and Money in the Byzantine Empire, 498-ca. 1090,” in Moneta e scambi

nell’ alto medioevo (Settimane di studio delcentro italiano di studi sull’alto medioevo.

8 (Spoleto, 196r]), pp. 411-53

“Coins monétaires et officines a l’époque du Bas-Empire,” Gazette suisse de numis-

matique, II (1961), pp. 1-8

“Trace Elements in Byzantine Copper Coins of the Sixth and Seventh Centuries,”’

Dona Numismatica Walter Havernick zum 23. Januar 1965 dargebracht (Hamburg,

1965), PP. 29-35

Kent, J. P.C. Review of Howard L. Adelson’s Light Weight Solidi and Byzantine Trade during the Sixth and Seventh Centuries, in NC®, 19 (1959), pp. 238-40

Kraus, F. F. Die Miinzen Odovacars und des Ostgotenreiches in Italien (Halle, 1928)

KusITscHEK, W. “Beitrage zur friihbyzantinischen Numismatik,” NZ, 29 (1897), pp. 163-96

Kustas, GEORGE L. See ADELSON, H. L.

LALLEMAND, J. “Sous d’or byzantins de poids faible aux VIe et VIIe siécles,” Bulletin du Cercle d'études numismatiques, I (1964), pp. 29-31

LEUTHOLD, E. ‘“Monete bizantine rinvenute in Siria,’”’ RIN, 54-5 (1952-3), pp. 31-49

Marcuant, N. D. Lettres du Baron Marchant sur la numismatique et l'histoire, 2nd ed. (Paris, 1851)

MeEtcALr, D. M. ‘‘The Slavonic Threat to Greece circa 580: Some Evidence from Athens,” Hesperia, 31 (1962), pp. 134-57

ORESHNIKOV, A. V. ‘“‘Khersono-vizantiiskiya moneti,’’ Trudi Moskovskago Numizma- ticheskago Obshchestva, 3 (1905), pp. 359-73

Ratto, R. Monnaies byzantines, Sale Catalogue (Lugano, 1930)

Ricotri Prina, D. ‘La monetazione siciliana nell’epoca bizantina,’ Numismatica, 16 (1950), pp. 26-60

SABATIER, J. Description générale des monnaies byzantines, 2 vols. (Paris, 1862)

SaMBon, A. “‘L’atelier monétaire de Syracuse du VI¢ au VIII® siécle de l’ére chrétienne,’” Le Musée, 3 (1906), pp. 267-73

SamBon, G. Repertorio generale delle monete coniate in Italia e da italiani all’estero dal secolo V al XX, pt. x (all published) (Paris, 1912)

Saucy, F. DE. Essai de classification des suites monétaires byzantines (Metz, 1836)

SCHINDLER, L. “‘OB’ auf rémischen und byzantinischen Silber- und Kupfermiinzen,” Mitteilungen d. dsterr. Numismat. Gesellschaft, 8 (1954) pp. 57-9

SHERBORN, C. Davies. “Eight New Byzantine Bronzes,’”’ NC, 33 (1925), p. 117

xxiv BIBLIOGRAPHY

—— “A List of Byzantine Bronze Coins not recorded by Wroth in his Catalogue of the Imperial Byzantine Coins in the British Museum, and now Added to that Collection,’’ NC®, 14 (1934), PP. 37-47

THOMPSON, MARGARET. The Athenian Agora, II. Coins, from the Roman through the Venetian Period (Princeton, 1954)

TotsToI, JEAN. Monnaies byzantines, 9 fasc. (St. Petersburg, 1912-14)

ToMASINI, WALLACE J. The Barbaric Tremissis in Spain, and Southern France, Anastasius to Leovigild, NNM, 152 (New York, 1964)

ToynBEE, J. M. C. ‘““Roma and Constantinopolis in Late-Antique Art,” Journal of Roman Studies, 37 (1947), PP. 135-44

WaacE, Dorotuy B. Antioch-on-the-Orontes, IV, pt. 2. Greek, Roman, Byzantine, and Crusaders’ Coins (Princeton, 1952)

WuitTinG, P. D. “Two Suspected Byzantine Forgeries,” NC*, 18 (1958), pp. 177-8

WrotTH, WarRWICcK. Catalogue of the Imperial Byzantine Coins in the British Museum,

2 vols. (London, 1908)

Catalogue of the Coins of the Vandals, Ostrogoths and Lombards and of the Empires

of Thessalonica, Nicaea and Trebizond in the British Museum (London, 1911)

CLASSIFIED

ANASTASIUS I

BELLINGER, ALFRED R. ‘‘The Copper of Anastasius I,” MN, 12 (1966), pp. 84-7

BLakE, Ropert P. “The Monetary Reform of Anastasius I and its Economic Implications,” in Studies in the History of Culture (New York, 1942), pp. 84-97

GAMBERINI DI ScCARFEA, C. ‘‘Un rovescio sconosciuto su di un inedito follaro di Anas- tasio I per Costantinopoli,” Italia Numismatica, 15 (1964), p. 142

Kantorowicz, E. H. “On the Golden Marriage Belt and the Marriage Rings of the Dumbarton Oaks Collection,” DOPapers, 14 (1960), pp. 1-16

LoncueT, H. “‘Follis au nom d’Anastase frappé 4 Théopolis,” RN®, 7 (1943), Procés verbaux, pp. v—vi

Metca_r, D. M. “Organization of the Constantinople mint for the follis of the Anastasian reforms,” NC’, 1 (1961), pp. 131-43

Suaw, A. B. ‘‘Byzantine Folles of Anastasius I,”” The Numismatist, 76 (1963), pp. 159-69

VEGLERY, A. See Zacos, G.

Zacos, G. and Vecitery, A. “An Unknown Solidus of Anastasios I,” N.Circ., 67

(1959), PP. 154-5 —— “Marriage Solidi of the Fifth Century,” ibid., 68 (1960), pp. 73-4

JUSTIN I

BELLINGER, ALFRED R. “Silver with the Name of Justin,” MN, 12 (1966), pp. 96-8 VasILiEv, A. A. Justin the First, Dumbarton Oaks Studies, I (Cambridge, Mass., 1950)

BIBLIOGRAPHY XXV

JUSTIN I and JUSTINIAN I

BELLINGER, ALFRED R. “The Gold of Justin I and Justinian I,” MN, 12 (1966), pp. go-2 SHERBORN, C. Davigs. ‘“‘Unrecorded Coin of Justinus I and Justinianus,” N.Circ., 22

(1914), p. 635

JUSTINIAN I

BaBELon, E. ‘‘Histoire d’un médaillon disparu (Justinien et Bélisaire),” Mémoires de la Societé nationale des Antiquaires de France, 57 (1896), pp. 295-326. (Reprinted in his Mélanges numismatiques, 3 [Paris, 1900], pp. 305-43)

BELLINGER, ALFRED R. “Anomalous Coins of Justinian’s Year 26 (552/3),” MN, 12 (1966), p. 98f.

——— “The Antiochene Copper of Justinian,” ibid., pp. 93-6

——— “A Mint at Constantine in Numidia,” ibid., pp. 99-106

KaLMAnn, G. See SCHINDLER, L.

LaFavriz, J. “Un solidus inédit de Justinien IeT frappé en Afrique,” RN®, 4 (1962), pp. 167-82

Metca tr, D. M. “The Metrology of Justinian’s Follis,’’ NC*, 20 (1960), pp. 209-19

OEcONOMIDES, Manvo. “‘A Consular Solidus of Justinian I,”’ MN, 12 (1966), forthcoming

PINDER, M. and FRIEDLANDER, J. Die Mtinzen Justinians (Berlin, 1843)

SCHINDLER, L. and Katmany, G. “Byzantinische Miinzstudien. 2. Das 33 Nummistiick Justinians I,” NZ, 72 (1947), pp. 109-12

Suaw, A. B. “New Type Antiochene Follis of Justinianus I,” The Numismatist, 77 (1964), pp. 1197-8

WuitTine, P. D. “An Overstriking of Justinian I at Rome,” NC®, 15 (1955), pp. 238-40

JUSTIN II

BELLINGER, ALFRED R. “Silver with the Name of Justin,’ MN, 12 (1966), pp. 96-8

Bury, J. B. “A Misinterpreted Monogram of the Sixth Century,” Mélanges offerts a M. Gustave Schlumberger, 2 (Paris, 1924), pp. 301-2

Urricu-Bansa, O. “Note su alcune rare monete di rame dell’imperatore Giustino II (565-578), Numismatica, 2 (1936), pp. 75-84

JUSTIN II and TIBERIUS II

GoopacrE, H. “Justinian and Constantine,” NC®, r (1941), pp. 48-53 Oman, C. “A Gold Solidus of a.p. 578: a Reattribution,” NC®, 2 (1942), pp. 104-5

TIBERIUS II

Kent, J. P.C. “The Antiochene Coinage of Tiberius Constantine and Maurice, 578-602,” NC®, 19 (1959), PP- 99-103

WuitTinG, P. D. “An Unusual Pentanummia of Tiberius II,”’ N. Circ., 57 (1949), p. 348

——— “A New Transitional Byzantine Issue of a.D. 582,” NC®, 20 (1960), pp. 133-5

Xxvi REFERENCES CITED IN ABBREVIATION

MAURICE

BELLINGER, ALFRED R. “The Helmet of Maurice,” MN, 12 (1966), p. 106f.

GRIERSON, P. ‘Dated Solidi of Maurice, Phocas, and Heraclius,’’ NC, 10 (1950), pp. 49-70

“The Kyrenia Girdle of Byzantine Medallions and Solidi,” NC®%, 15 (1955),

PP- 55-70

——— “The Date of the Dumbarton Oaks Epiphany Medallion,” DOPapers, 15 (1961), pp. 221-4

Lampros, P. “De la valeur de quelques monnaies byzantines de Maurice Tibére et Constantine,” Bulletin de l’Ecole frangaise d’ Athénes, 5-6 (1868), pp. 80-2

LEUTHOLD, E. “Solidi leggieri da XXIII silique degli imperatori Maurizio Tiberio, Foca ed Eraclio,” RIN, 62 (1960), pp. 146-54

Ross, M. C. “A Byzantine Gold Medallion at Dumbarton Oaks,” DO Papers, 11 (1957), Pp. 247-61

SCHINDLER, L. “Byzantinische Miinzstudien. 4. Die halben Folles ohne Miinzstatten- bezeichnung des Mauricius Tiberius,” NZ, 73 (1949), pp. I1I-14

VEGLERY, A. and Zacos, G. ‘“‘More about the Bronze Coinage of Maurice,” N. Circ., 68 (1960), pp. 258-61

Zacos, G. See VEGLERY, A.

REFERENCES CITED IN ABBREVIATION

Agora Margaret Thompson, The Athenian Agora, II, Coins (Princeton, 1954) Antioch Dorothy B. Waage, Antioch-on-the-Orontes, IV, pt. 2, Greek, Roman, Byzantine, and Crusaders’ Coins (Princeton, 1952)

CNI Corpus Nummorum Italicorum

DOPapers Dumbarton Oaks Papers

MN American Numismatic Society Museum Notes NC Numismatic Chronicle

N. Cire. Spink’s Numismatic Circular NNM Numismatic Notes and Monographs

NZ Numismatische Zeitschrift

R. Rodolfo Ratto, Sale Catalogue, Monnaies byzantines (Lugano, 1930)

RIN Rivista Italiana di Numismatica

RN Revue numismatique

Sabatier J. Sabatier, Description générale des monnaies byzantines (Paris, 1862)

T. Jean Tolstoi, Monnaies byzantines (St. Petersburg, 1912-14)

W. Warwick Wroth, Catalogue of the Imperial Byzantine Coins in the British Museum (London, 1908)

W.V. Warwick Wroth, Catalogue of the Coins of the Vandals, Ostrogoths and Lombards

and of the Empires of Thessalonica, Nicaea and Trebizond in the British Museum (London, 1911) Z/N Zeitschrift fiir Numismatik (Berlin)

CATALOGUE OF COINS

Explanatory Note: Each type has a separate number within each reign. Lower case letters are used for varieties of the type, the most frequent class being differences of officina. The several specimens of the same type or the same variety are shown by numerals after a dot. So Justin I 8a. 1 is the first specimen of the 8th type of Justin I, from officina A. The specimens are listed in descending order of weight, unless some other consideration intervenes. Types or varieties not in this collection are included in parentheses with references to the sources, also in parentheses, in the column of obverse descriptions. The source of each coin in this collection is given in a footnote bearing the same number as the entry in the catalogue. Each type or variety has a reference to Wroth, Tolstoi, and Ratto (W., T., R.), and to any special study of capital impor- tance. Weights are given to the nearest centigram, determined on electric scales. Diameters are given in millimeters. The specimens illustrated are marked with asterisks, and they bear the same numbers on the plates as they do in the catalogue. The usual abbreviations are used: A’, R, and A& for gold, silver, and copper; 1. and r. for left and right. Additional abbreviations are acq. for acquired, ex. for exergue and gl.cr. for globus cruciger.

ANASTASIUS I rr April 491-1 July 518

Upon the death of the Emperor Zeno, 9 April 491, it was agreed that Ariadne, his widow, should choose his successor, there being no suitable heir. She selected Anastasius, one of the palace marshals called Silentiarii, who, although commended to the people by his freedom from avarice, was, as a Monophysite, suspect to the church, and therefore required by the Patriarch to sign a statement of orthodox belief before his coronation. In spite of this, suspicion of his soundness troubled his reign and was largely responsible for a serious, though unsuccessful, rebellion in his last years. However, his accession met with no opposition at the time and on 20 May 4o1 his claim to the throne was strength- ened by his marriage to Ariadne.

Anastasius’ first half dozen years were chiefly occupied in breaking the power of Zeno’s kinsmen, the Isaurians. The end of this struggle and the confiscation of the beaten Isaurians’ property allowed the Emperor to grant some relief from taxation, and this was so greatly offset by economies that at his death in 518 there was an accumulation of 320,000 pounds of gold in the treasury, in spite of the expenses of a war with Persia from 502 to 505.

To the numismatist the chief interest in the reign of Anastasius is in the fact that he replaced the tiny nummi, which had been almost the only copper coins of his pred- ecessors, with larger pieces whose face value was five, ten, twenty, and forty times that of the nummus, as shown by the €, I, K, and M which formed the designs of the reverse. It is the introduction of this long-persisting system which justifies the beginning of a catalogue at this point. The innovations in silver are much less important; the gold simply continues that of Zeno.

ANASTASIUS I 3

MINTS: Constantinople Nicomedia Thessalonica Antioch

References are to the numbering in the catalogue.

Denomination

Aureus Solidus Semissis Tremissis

Silver

Follis

First Period

Second Period | smal

Third Period. Large Half Follis

First Period

Second Period oma

Third Period. Large Decanummium

First Period Small

Second Period

Third Period. Large Pentanummium

Third Period Nummus

CATALOGUE

*]

Metal Wt.

AN 5.34

Size Die Po- sition

25 Jf

Obverse Reverse Date Constantinople AUREUS (}/¢9 th Ib.) DNANASTA SIVSPPA | VICTOR IA AVCVST| 491-518 vc ORVM Bust r. with diadem | Victory running l. of two rows of pearls | with wreath and palm. with rosette in front, | In field 1., X, r., star. cuirass, and paluda- In ex., CONOB mentum fastened at the shoulder with jewelled brooch SOLIDUS

DNANASTAS IVSPERP| FELICITER NVbTIIS | 49z

AVC

Bust ? r. wearing helmet with plume, trefoil ornament and diadem the ties of which show tol., tunic and cuirass. With r. hand holds spear be- hind head. On 1. shoulder, shield with device of horseman r. spearing fallen foe

To 1., Anastasius with trefoil ornament on head, to r., Ariadne with three-pointed crown clasping hands; between them Christ bearded with nimbus cruciger. In ex., CONOB

Peirce 1948 from Ratto Sale 9. xii. 30 W. —, T. —, R. 308 This coin Bellinger, ‘Roman and Byzantine Medallions in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection,” Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 12 (1958), p. 151, No. 43. This is the “gold medallion” dealt with in Wallace J. Tomasini, The Barbaric Tvemissis in Spain and Southern France, Anastasius to Leovigild, NNM, 152 (New York, 1964), pp. 8-11, pl. D. 1 (listed in error on p. 301 as D. 2).

4

*2

(3a) * 3b (3c) (3d) *3e 3f *3g

(3h)

*3i.1

3b 3e

38

3i.1

Metal

AN 8.20

ANASTASIUS I — CONSTANTINOPLE — SOLIDUS

Size

Die Po- sition

24

with setting

\

Obverse

Reverse

Date

Trefoil obscure

DNANASTA SIVSPPA vc

VICTORI AAVCCC Victory 1. holding long:

49z

491-498

Same type voided cross. In field r., star. In ex., CONOB N 4.45 (T. 70) At end, A N 440/20 4 At end, B N 4.50 (T. 71) At end, [ Al 4.45 (T. 72) At end, A Al 4.47] 20 4 At end, € A’ 4.41 | 20 | At end, $ N 4.35 | 20 || No pellets on breast- | At end, H plate Ay (R. 312) At end, 9 A’ 4.50 | 20 || No pellets on breast- | At end, I plate

Purchased xi. 59 W. —, T. —, R. —

Obverse. This is a continuation, without change, of the solidus type of the preceding reigns. It was introduced by Constantius II and became standard in the East from 395 onward. Reverse. Struck to celebrate the marriage of the new emperor to the widow of his predecessor. A similar marriage scene with Marcian and Pulcheria is in the Hunter Collection, Glasgow; and on two solidi in London and Berlin Theodosius II is shown performing the marriage: between Valentinian III and Licinia Eudoxia. CONOB stands for CONSTANTINOPOLIS and OBRYZUM, “‘fine gold.”

G. Zacos and A. Veglery, ‘“‘An Unknown Solidus of Anastasios I,” N. Circ., 67 (1959), 154-5; “Marriage Solidi of the Fifth Century,” ibid., 68 (1960), 73-4. E. H. Kantorowicz, “On the Golden Marriage Belt and the Marriage Rings of the Dumbarton Oaks Collection,” Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 14 (1960), pp. 1-16.

The reverse type directly continues that of Zeno. Wroth was misled into supposing these coins to be Ostrogothic imitations, and excluded them from the Byzantine Catalogue. Later, being convinced of his error, he excluded them also from the volume on the Vandals and Ostrogoths. Tolstoi followed him in considering them Italian and catalogued them as such. The error was pointed out by Ratto, p. 18.

Grierson 1956 from Baldwin 27. xi.50 W.—, T. —, R. —

Peirce 1948 from St. Louis Coin Co. ii.29 W.—, T. —, R. 310

Grierson 30. ix. 58 W.—, T. 73, R. —

Grierson 1956 from Baldwin 27. xi. 50

W. —, T. —, R. 311

Peirce 1948

W. —, T. 74-76, R. 313

No.

3i.2 31.3 31-4

3]

*4a

(4c)

5a

3i.2 31.3

3i-4 3) 4a 4b 5a

5b

Metal Wt. Al 4.47 Al 4.45 Al 4.45 N 4.42 clipped N 4.46 Al 4.34 Al Al 4.45 Al 4.47 Shaw 1947 Whittemore

ANASTASIUS I — CONSTANTINOPLE — SOLIDUS

Size Die Po- sition 20 20 20 20 20 20 4 20 20 4

Obverse

Vertical strokes in- stead of pellets PERP for PP

Same inscription and type, but cross on helmet in place of trefoil ornament

(R. 314) PERP for PP

Same inscription with PP Same type, but no ornament on helmet

Same inscription and type. Circlet on front of helmet. Ties of diadem not showing

Reverse At end, | At end, | Atend,!| WUforN At end, |

Same inscription and type

At end, [ At end, | At end, |

Same inscription and type

At end, € At end, S

Same inscription. Victory 1. holding long staff with % at the top. In field 1., star. In ex., CONOB

Date

491-498

498

“This has got CONOB altered on the die to COMOB or vice versa and I am inclined ta think it may be Italian,” Grierson. Grierson 1956 from Baldwin 27. xi. 50 Purchased from Spink 30. iii. 66

Ww. —, T.—, R.— Peirce 1948 acq. 1924 WwW. —, T. —, R. — Franceschi 1957

W. —, T. —, R. — Whittemore

W. —, T. —, R. — Grierson 30. ix. 58 Ww. —, T. —, R. —

ANASTASIUS I — CONSTANTINOPLE — SOLIDUS

Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Wt. sition (6a) N 4.45 | 20 (W. 1) At end, B *6b N 4.46] 21 4 At end, 0 Same inscription and | Same inscription. type. Trefoil orna- Similar type, but ment on helmet Victory holds long staff with + at the top *7a AN 4.47 | 21 4 At end, A 7b AN 4.34|2r 4 At end, B 7¢ AN 3.91 | 20 J At end, [ clipped 74 AN 2.40/18 J At end, A *7e N 4.31 | 20. || Ends SIVPPAVC At end, € *7f AN 4.30]20 4 At end, S 7g.1 AN’ 2.78 | 18 | {| Noornament onhel- | At end, Z clipped met. No pellets on breastplate *7g.2 |A 2.73/18 | At end, Z clipped ght|N 4.48|20 At end, H 6b Grierson 1956 from Seaby 14. xi. 50 WwW. —, T. —, R. — 7a Peirce 1948 from St. Louis Coin Co. vi. 28 W. —, T. 2, R. — 7b Grierson 1956 from Baldwin 13. xi. 48 W. —, T. —, R. 315 7c Peirce 1948 from Andronicus W. 2, T. 3, R. 316 7a Whittemore W. 3, T. 4, R. 317 Clipped apparently to make the bezel of a ring 7e Peirce 1948 from St. Louis Coin Co. ii. 29 W. 4, T. 5, R. 318 7f£ Grierson 1956 from Baldwin 13. xi. 48 W. —, T. 6, R. — 7g.1 Whittemore W. —, T. —, R. — 78-2 Peirce 1948 from Andronicus Clipped very skilfully so that the edge appears regular 7h.t Peirce 1948 from St. Louis Coin Co. ii. 29

W. 5, T. 7, R. 319

Date

498

498-518

*7h.2 7i.I 7i.2 7j

¥*8.7 8.2

g.1 9.2 *9.3

7h.2 Fit

71.2 7

8.2 9.1

9.2 9.3

Metal Wt. AN 4.48 N 4.48 Al 4.43 N 4.51 AN 2.13 N 2.01 AN 2.23 AN 2.18 A’ 1.90 Whittemore Whittemore

ANASTASIUS I — CONSTANTINOPLE — 47

Size Die Po- sition 22 4 2r 4 20 / ar i | im | i | 19 ¥ 7 Y

W. —, T. 8, R. 320 Peirce 1948 from Andronicus Peirce 1948 W. —, T. 9, R. 321 Peirce 1948 from Andronicus W. 6f., T. 11, R. 323 Since the form $ occurs on coins of Zeno while # is used by Justin and Justinian, it seems probable that they come in that order under Anastasius, in spite of the fact that his last type of solidus has $+. The date XXX X is impossible for Anastasius; vota numbers are meaningless after Theodosius II. Whittemore Peirce 1948 from Spink iii. 29 W. 8, T. 10, R. 324 Whittemore Peirce 1948 from Schulman xi. 32

Obverse

No pellets No pellets

SEMISSIS

DNANASTA SIVSPPA vc

Bust r. with diadem, cuirass and paluda- mentum

A for A

Same inscription and type

Reverse

At end, H At end, © At end, © At end, |

VICTORIAAVCCC Victory, nude to the waist, seated r. on shield and cuirass | inscribing XXXX on | shield which she holds on her knee. In field 1, star, r., $

In ex., CONOB

Same inscription and type, but # tor.

Date

498-518

491-498

498-518

ANASTASIUS I — CONSTANTINOPLE — TREMISSIS

Size No. si Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date : sition TREMISSIS Same inscription and | VICTORIAAVCVSTOR | 491-518 type VM Victory walking r. looking 1., holding in r. hand wreath, in 1. globus cruciger. In field r., star. In ex., CONOB *toar |AD 1.49/15 | toa.2 |N 1.49/15 | toa.3 |N 1.49/15 J Ends ORV toa.4 |AP 1.49) 15 J toa.5 |A’ 1.48) 14 J toa.6 |AN 1.48 |15 J toa.7 |A 1.48/15 J toa8 |A 1.48|}15 J toa.g |A’ 1.47| 16 || Same die as a.14 Ioa.to|AJ 1.45/14 4 toamr|A’ 1.44/15 | toa12|A0 1.42/15 J toa.t3|A7 1.41/14 J toa.14|AJ 1.41 | 15 || Same die as a.g

Io 10a.I

10a.2 10a.3 10a.4 104.5 10a.6 104.7 10a.8 10a.9 10a.10 10a.1I 10a.12 10a.13 10a.14

Where the form of the star can be seen it is *. Whittemore

W. 10-15, T. 12, R. 327

Peirce 1948 from Raymond 1928 Whittemore

Peirce 1948 from St. Louis Coin Co. xi. 31 Whittemore

Whittemore

Peirce 1948 from Andronicus

Whittemore

Whittemore

Swiss Collection 1956

Whittemore

Whittemore

Whittemore

Whittemore

Io

ANASTASIUS I — CONSTANTINOPLE — 4’, R

Metal No. Wt. toa.t5 | A’ 1.25 Ioa.16|A’ 1.20 *rob A’ 1.50 (tr) |R 4.05 (12) |®

Size Die Po- sition 5 4 4 4 15 ¥ 22

21

Obverse

Reverse

DNANASTAS_ IVSPERP AVC

DOUBLE

DNANASTA SIVSPPA vc

Bust 1. with diadem, cuirass and paluda- mentum

(T. 14)

Same inscription. Similar bust r.

(T. 15 = Sabatier No. 8)

Ioa.15 Whittemore

Ends ORV VICTORIAAVCV STR PVM (sic)

SILIQUA

CLORIAN OMAORVM (sic)

Emperor nimbate, standing front, looking) 1.; raising r. hand; in j 1., globe with star above. In ex., COB

CLORIAR OMAORVM Emperor nimbate, standing front, looking 1.; with r. hand holding spear. In field r., star. COR

Date

491-518

Apparently a perfectly genuine coin. There is no obvious explanation of the low weight.

10a.16 Whittemore 1ob Whittemore

W. 9, T. 125, R. 326 Grierson suggests that this may be an Italian issue.

(11)

Wroth suggests (p. xcix) “COB is perhaps C (the name of Constantinople) and OB (ryzum).”

This would use obryzum for silver as well as gold, though the technical term for refined silver is “‘argentum pusulatum.” But there seems no other way to interpret THSOB on silver coins struck at Thessalonica under Leo I and Zeno (Sabatier, Leo No. 11, pl. VII. 2; Zeno No. 9, pl. VII. 26. Sabatier’s text here gives COMOB, but the plate shows THSOB). COB may also stand for COMES OBRYZI, the official responsible for the gold issues who perhaps at this time

also had charge of the rare silver. In the West, from the time of Gratian on, gold coins had

borne COM or COMOB in the exergue (J. W. E. Pearce, The Roman Imperial Coinage, 9,

Valentinian I-Theodosius I (London, 1951], p. xxxv). There is no reason why one meaning should exclude the other. COR in the exergue must be a die-sinker’s error for COB, or an early use of R for B.

(12)

ANASTASIUS I —- CONSTANTINOPLE — &, & II

Size

(13)

*14

*I5.1

14

15

15.1

Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sition SILIQUA

DNANASTA SI[VSPPA| In three lines VOT 491-518 VC] MVLT MTI within Bust r. with diadem, | wreath tied at the cuirass and bottom. In ex., paludamentum CONO[S ?]

RMR 1.90 | 18 (W. 16) DNANAJS]TA SIVSPP[| In three lines VOT AVC VM:IV_ ITM within Same type wreath tied at the

bottom. In ex., CONOS ¥ R 1.97 | 18 \ pierced UNREFORMED COPPER NUMMUS

[DNANASTA SIVSPP WN in a wreath 491-498 AVC] Bust r. with diadem

7E 1.13| 8 + JSTAL

Peirce 1948 from Andronicus 25. x. 28 W. —, T. —, R. —

Wroth’s Justinian 350, which he attributes to Carthage, has VOT MVLT HTI. It is certainly VOTA MVLTA that is intended here. As for ITM, it might be dismissed as never having had a meaning if it were not for the connection with MTI and HTI. This, of course, is the place where a number should stand (though the syntax of VOT X MVLT Xx now eludes us). One is tempted by the possibility that HTI may originally have been ETH, the barbarism MVLTA ETH having replaced the unintelligible numbers. The conversion of H to M would be easy. For medallions of Justin I with comparable errors and another irrational pellet see Bellinger, “Medallions,” p. 152-54. CONOS is an error for CONOB or perhaps the § stands for “‘signata.’” Adelson and Kustas, ‘‘A Sixth Century Hoard of Minimi from the Western Peloponnese,” MN, 11 (1964), p. 205. Some of these may be Justinian. With the two exceptions noted, no part of the obverse legend is visible; it is assumed to have the form given. Wroth prints ([DNANASTA ?}.

Schindler 1960 from Beisser 7. viii. 46

W. 59, T. —, R. —

12 ANASTASIUS I — CONSTANTINOPLE — 2 Metal Size No. etal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sis sition 15.2 |7£ 1.09|1I0 + Mt 491-598 *15.3 | 0.93/10 + ]VSPP[ 15.4 | 087/11 ¢ *15.5 |42 082/ 9 4 iN 156 |E o71| 8 Y W 15.7 | 0.47/10 ¢ 15.8 | 037/ 7 t REFORMED COPPER First Period FOLLIS DNANASTA SIVSPPA M Above, cross. 498-518 VC In ex., CON | Bust r. with diadem, cuirass and paludamentum t6a.t | 9.45 | 24 | t6a.2 | 9.34/25 4 1a.3 | 8.95 | 25 J I6a.4 |B 8.43 | 24 J 15.2 Grierson 1956 from Glendining 3. v. 51, lots 110/112 15.3 Peirce 1948 15.4 Schindler 1960 from Beisser 7. viii. 46 15.5 Florange 1. x. 64 ex H. Longuet Collection 15.6 Peirce 1948 “The defective monogram, irregularity of die-axis, absence of any inscription and abnormal style of hair point to this being an irregular issue,’’ Grierson. 15.7. Grierson 3. iii. 60 15.8 Schindler 1960 16 Bellinger, “‘The Copper of Anastasius I,”” MN, 12 (1966) pp. 84-7 16a.1 Schindler 1960 from Beisser 10. ix. 46 W. 41, T. 31, R. 354 16a.2 Whittemore 16a.3 Whittemore

164.4

Schindler 1960

ANASTASIUS I — CONSTANTINOPLE — M, K (SMALL) 13

Size No. ny Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date t. sition i6a.5 | 8.4r | 24 / 498-518 16a.6 |E 8.12] 24 4 *16a.7 |Z 7.59 | 23 16a.8 (E 5.76) 23 + *16b | 3.30 | 25 J | Cross on front of diadem Same inscription and | Same, but > to type 1. andr. *17.1 |AE m1.60 | 24 J 17.2 | 4.07 | 23 \ HALF FOLLIS Same inscription and K To L., cross type 181 |#F 5.52 | 20 || Begins VU pierced 18.2 |f42 4.80] 20 || Begins VU 13 | 4.77) 22 18.4 |B 4.69 | 20 | 185 | 4.31 | 20 4 16a.5 Peirce 1948 16a.6 Schindler 1960 16a.7_ Grierson 1956 from Baldwin 15. vii. 47 16a.8 Peirce 1948 from Ciani x. 25 16b = Swiss Collection 1956 W. —, T. —, R. — This piece was published by T. Bertelé, Zeitschrift fiir Numismatik, 36 (1926), p. 2f. He believed it to be an Italian imitation struck by Theodoric. The fabric is thin and the flan broken; it may be barbarous, but an Italian origin is not proved. 17.1 Swiss Collection 1956 Ww. —, T. —, R. — 17.2 Swiss Collection 1956 18.1 Peirce 1948 W. 49, T. 50, R. 361 18.2 Grierson 1956 from Baldwin 15. vii. 47 18.3. Swiss Collection 1956 18.4 Grierson 1956 from Glendining 7. iv. 48, lot 231 18.5 Peirce 1948 from St. Louis Coin Co. vi. 29

I4 ANASTASIUS I — CONSTANTINOPLE — K, I (SMALL) Size No. ri Die Po- Obverse Reverse : sition *18.6 |42 4.00] 20 4 17 |£ 3.31/19 4 DECANUMMIUM Same inscription and I To r. downward, type ICON To 1. upward, CORD *Ioa.r (BE 2.14/15 J tga.2 |ZE 1.90/17 + Igb FE 2.01 | 16 + Pellet to r. of | Igc.t |ZE 2.05/18 | Pellets to 1. and r. Igc.2 |ZE 1.63/15 J | Inscription ends PPA | Pellets tol. andr. tgoc.3 JE 1.45/15 4Y Pellets to 1. and r. tod |HE 1.92/15 4 CON CORD Pellets to 1. and r. *tge | 1.97/16 | CON CORDI Pellets to 1. and r. 18.6 Schindler 1960 18.7. Whittemore 19a.1_ Peirce 1948 from St. Louis Coin Co. W. 53, T. 61, R. — 19a.2 Schindler 1960 19b Swiss Collection 1956 W. —, T. —, R.— 19c.t Whittemore W. 52, T. 63, R. 363 19c.2 Grierson 1956 acq. 1945 19c.3 Whittemore 19d Peirce 1948 W. —, T. —, R. — 19e Swiss Collection 1956

W. —, T. —, R. —

Date

498-518

15

ANASTASIUS I — CONSTANTINOPLE — M (SMALL) Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sition Second Period FOLLIS | Same inscription and M Above, cross. To} 498-518 type, but the S to r. 1. and r., stars. In of the forehead has ex., CON the form of *20a.1 |B 9.42 | 23 + Beneath, A Stars ¥ 20a.2 |B 9.08 | 24 ¥ Beneath, A Stars obscure 20a.3 |7B 8.44| 25 J Beneath, A Stars * 200.4 |B 7.34) 25 Beneath, A Stars * 20b.1 |B 9.65 | 25 J Beneath, B Stars * *20b.2 | 8.86} 23 | Beneath, B Stars * 20b.3 | 8.83) 25 4¥ Beneath, B Stars * 20b.4 |Z 8.57 | 25 4 Beneath, B Stars * 20b.5 |B 8.23 | 24 Beneath, B Stars * 20b.6 | 2.83 | 26 | Beneath, B Stars * 20¢ FE 5.76/24 + Beneath, [ Stars | obscure 2od.1 |B 810| 25 4¥ Beneath, A Stars * 20d.2 | 6.87 | 27 Y | Beneath, A Stars obscure 20a.1 Grierson 1956 from Seaby ex Grantley 2714

204.2 204.3 208.4 20b.1

20b.2 20b.3 20b.4 20b.5 20b.6 20c

20d.1

20d.2

W. 36, T. 26, R. 349

Swiss Collection 1956

Schindler 1960 from Beisser 7. viii. 46

Peirce 1948 from Lincoln via Schulman xi. 32 Whittemore

W. 37, T. 27, R. —

Peirce 1948 from Andronicus x. 28

Grierson 1956 from Glendining 3. v. 51, lots 110/112 Whittemore

Swiss Collection 1956

Schindler 1960

Double struck. Abnormally thin flan which turned over in striking. Swiss Collection 1956

W. 39, T. 28, R. 350

Swiss Collection 1956

W. —, T. —, R. 351

Whittemore

16

No.

20€.1 20€.2 20€.3 *20€.4 20€.5 20e.6

20f.1 *20f.2

2ta.I *2Ta.2 21a.3 21a.4

20e.1

20€.2 20.3 20€.4 20€.5 20e.6 2o0f.1

20f.2 21 21a.I

21a.2 21a.3 214.4

Peirce 1948

ANASTASIUS I — CONSTANTINOPLE — M, K (SMALL)

Size — Die Po- Obverse Reverse 5 sition fE 11.49 | 26 J Beneath, € XK to 1. only FE 8.78| 23 4 Beneath, € X to 1. only FE 8.69/25 4 Beneath, € XK tol. only FE 7.96) 24 Beneath, € XK to 1. only FE 7.92 | 24 4 Beneath, € X to 1. only A 7.62) 24 Beneath, € XK to 1. only FE 9.52 | 23 ¥ € Tol. *Tor., cross) FE 8.90 | 23 ¥ € To LX To r., cross) HALF FOLLIS Same inscription and | K Tol., cross. Above type and below, stars FE 5.53 | 20 Tor. A FE 5.08 | 20 / Tor, A ZE 3.97/19 4 Tor.,A FE 3.87 | 20 /Y Tor. A

W. 40, T. —, R. —

Whittemore Whittemore

Grierson 1956 from Glendining 3. v. 51, lots 110/112 Schindler 1960

Peirce 1948

Grierson 1956 from Glendining 30. xii. 47, lot 186 W. —, T. —, R. 352

Schindler 1960 from Baumgartner 1. xi.51 Wherever the stars can be distinguished, they have the form x. Whittemore

W. 42, T. 43, R. 359

Peirce 1948

Schindler 1960

Swiss Collection 1956

Date

498-518

ANASTASIUS I — CONSTANTINOPLE — K, I (SMALL)

: Metal mae No. Die Po- Obverse Reverse Wt. sition 2ta.5 | 3.58|19 Tor., A 21b.1 | 6.06} 20 | Tor., B 2Ib.2 | 5.73} 20 | Tor., B 21b.3 | 4.54|19 Tor. B 21b.4 |AE 4.35 | 20 Tor., B *21b.5 |AE 4.30/18 | Tor.,B 21b.6 |Ae 4.18 | 20 | Tor.,B *2tc.1 |#E 4.22/19 J Tor. T 2ic.2 |A#B 4.19 | 19 +4 Tor., F 21c.3 |B 3.65 | 22 | Tor. 2id1 |Z 4.70|19 / Tor, A 2id.2 |B 4.00| 18 / Tor, A ale |# 4.50|19 4 Tor.,€ DECANUMMIUM Same inscription and I To r. downward, type ICON To 1. upward, CORD 22a.rt |AE 2.16/14 7 Tor, A 21a.5 Schindler 1960 21b.1 Grierson 1956 from Baldwin 1945 W. 43, 44, T. 44, R. 360 21b.2 Schindler 1960 21b.3 Schindler 1960 21b.4 Peirce 1948 21b.5 Whittemore 21b.6 Whittemore 21c.1 Peirce 1948 W. 45, T. 45, R. — 21c.2 Swiss Collection 1956 21c.3 Whittemore 21d.1 Peirce 1948 W. 46, T. 46, R. 362 21d.2 Whittemore 21e Peirce 1948 W. 47, T. 48, R. — 22a.1 Swiss Collection 1956

W. 50, T. —, R. —

17

Date

498-518

18

ANASTASIUS I — CONSTANTINOPLE — M (LARGE)

Size No. so Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date . sition *22a.2 |FE 2.04| 16 / Pellets to 1. and r. 498-518 Tor, A 22b.1 | 3.01/17 CON Tol, € To r., pellet 22b.2 |AB 2.97/15 CON Tol, € To r., pellet *22b.3 | 2.34 | 16 4 CON Tol., € To r., pellet 22b.4 | 2.13/16 | CON Tol., € To r., pellet Third Period LARGE FOLLIS DNANASTA SIVSPP M Above, cross. AVC Tol. andr., stars. Bust r. with diadem, | In ex., CON | cuirass and paluda- mentum | 23a.t |AE 19.72 | 35 4 Beneath, A Stars ¥ *23a.2 |Z 18.24 | 38 J Beneath, A Stars ¥ 232.3 | 18.22 | 33 Beneath, A Stars ¥ 230.4 | 17.74 | 36 “ Beneath, A Stars ¥ 23a.5 |7E 17.07 | 34 Y Beneath, A Stars ¥ 232.6 | 16.98 | 35 4 Beneath, A Stars ¥ 22a.2 Grierson 1956 from Glendining 30. xii. 47, lot 186 22b.1 Swiss Collection 1956

22b.2 22b.3 22b.4 23

23a.1

23a.2 238.3 234.4 234.5 234.6

W. 51, T. 60, R. —

Whittemore

Peirce 1948

Swiss Collection 1956

The form of the stars has been dealt with by D. M. Metcalf, “Organization of the Constantinople mint for the follis of the Anastasian reforms,” NC’, 1 (1961), pp. 131-43. Whittemore

W. 18, 19, T. 17, R. 334

Peirce 1948 from Glendining iii. 31

Schindler 1960

Whittemore

Peirce 1948

Grierson 1956 from Seaby ex Grantley 2714

ANASTASIUS I — CONSTANTINOPLE — M (LARGE) Ig Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sition

23a.7 |B 16.91 | 32 J Beneath, A Stars ¥ | 498-518 23a.8 | 16.77 | 37 Beneath, A Stars ¥

23a.9 | 16.74 | 32 | Beneath, A Stars ¥

23a.10 |Z 16.12 | 34 Y Beneath, A Stars ¥ *23b.1 |4E 19.89 | 36 J Beneath, B Stars *

23b.2 | 18.60 | 34 / Beneath, B Stars *

23b.3 |Z 18.56| 40 | Beneath, B Stars *

23b.4 |i 17.69 | 36 / Beneath, B Stars X

23b.5 | 17.63 | 37 | Beneath, B Stars x

23b.6 | 16.92 | 3r J Beneath, B Stars *

23b.7 |Z 16.87 | 36 J Beneath, B Stars x

23b.8 |Z 16.80] 37 | Beneath, B Stars *

23b.9 | 16.34} 38 J Beneath, B Stars x

23b.10 |AE 14.74 | 36 J Beneath, B Stars X

pierced *23c «=| s17.97 | 30 _/ | Star on emperor’s Beneath, B Pellet shoulder above each *

23d.1 |#2 18.27 | 37 4 Beneath, [ Stars ¥ *23d.2 |E 18.04] 37 | Beneath, [ Stars ¥

23a.7 Swiss Collection 1956 23a.8 Schindler 1960 23a.9 Whittemore 23a.10 Peirce 1948 from St. Louis Coin Co. vi. 29 23b.1 Peirce 1948 from Lincoln via Schulman xi. 32 W. 20-22, T. 18, R. 335 23b.2 Whittemore 23b.3 Peirce 1948 23b.4 Whittemore 23b.5 Whittemore 23b.6 Grierson 1956 from Glendining 30. xii. 47, lot 186 23b.7 Schindler 1960 23b.8 Schindler 1960 23b.9 Peirce 1948 Weight low because flan broken before striking 23b.10 Whittemore 23¢ Grierson 1956 from Glendining 30. xii. 47, lot 186 W. —, T. —, R. 347 The form of star with one pellet is not given by Metcalf. When the star on the emperor’s shoulder can be seen clearly it has the form 3. 23d.1 Whittemore W. 23, T. 20, R. 336 23d.2 Whittemore

20 ANASTASIUS I — CONSTANTINOPLE — M (LARGE) Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sition 234.3 |Z 17.91 | 36 4} Beneath, F Stars¥ | 498-518 23d.4 |7E 17.64 | 33 J Beneath, [ Stars ¥ 23d.5 |#E 17.21 | 32 Beneath, F Stars ¥ 23d.6 | 16.91 | 34 7 Beneath, [ Stars ¥ 234.7 |Z7E 16.82 | 34 J Beneath, [ Stars ¥ 23d.8 |AE 16.71 | 31 Beneath, [ Stars ¥ 23d.9 |Z 15.43 | 37 \ Beneath, [ Stars ¥ 23e.1 |B 18.08 | 34 / | Star on emperor’s Beneath, [ Stars ¥ shoulder 23e.2 | 16.53 | 33 / | Star on emperor’s Beneath, [ Stars ¥ shoulder 23e.3 |4E 16.07 | 35 / | Star on emperor’s Beneath, [ Stars * shoulder 23f1 | 18.87) 38 4 Beneath, A Stars x 23f.2 |B 18.86 | 33 J) Beneath, A Stars * 23f.3 | 18.27/35 4 Beneath, A Stars 23f.4 |B 17.65 | 36 | Beneath, A Stars x 23f.5 | 17.52/38 4 Beneath, A Stars X *23f.6 |7E 17.50) 36 4 Beneath, A Stars X 23f.7 | 17.35 | 35 4+ Beneath, A Stars x 23f.8 | 16.70 | 34 ¥ Beneath, A Stars x 23d.3 Peirce 1948 from Spink iv. 29 23d.4 Shaw 1947 23d.5 Swiss Collection 1956 23d.6 Swiss Collection 1956 234.7 Schindler 1960 234.8 Schindler 1960 234.9 Peirce 1948 23e.1 Whittemore W. —, T. —, R. — 23e.2 Whittemore 23e.3 Whittemore 23f.1. Whittemore W. 24-27, T. 21, R. 337 23f.2 Peirce 1948 from Ciani x. 25 23f.3. Whittemore 23f.4 Grierson 1956 from Glendining 7. iv. 48, lot 231 231.5 Peirce 1948 23.6 Swiss Collection 1956 23.7. Schindler 1960

23£.8

Whittemore

ANASTASIUS I — CONSTANTINOPLE — M (LARGE) 21 Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sition 23f.g |B 16.58 | 33 / Beneath, A Stars X | 498-518 23f.10 |Z 16.53 | 36 / Beneath, A Stars x 23g.1 |Z 17.48 | 35 {| Star on emperor’s Beneath, A Stars x shoulder *23¢.2 |ZE 16.64 | 32 || Star on emperor’s Beneath, A Stars * shoulder 23g.3 |42 16.30 | 32 || Star on emperor’s Beneath, A Stars * shoulder 238.4 |42 15.79 | 35 ,/ | Star on emperor’s Beneath, A Stars x shoulder 23h «=6|E «14.56 | 31 +} | Star on emperor’s Beneath, A Pellet shoulder above each * 2311 | 19.30| 34 4 Beneath, € Stars x 231.2 | 18.69] 35 | Beneath, € Stars * 231.3 | 17.98 | 36 / Beneath, € Stars 231.4 | 16.93) 35 4 Beneath, € Stars x 2315 |B 16.92 | 34 / Beneath, € Stars * *231.6 |Z 16.68 | 33 \ Beneath, € Stars * 231.7 | 16.25 | 33 + Beneath, € Stars * 231.8 | 15.86] 37 | Beneath, € Stars 2319 |Z 13.58] 34 \ Beneath, € Stars * 23f.9 Grierson 1956 from Glendining 3. v. 51, lots 110/112

23f.10 23g.1

238.2 238-3 238-4 23h

231.1

231.2 231.3 231.4 231.5 231.6 231.7 231.8 231.9

Grierson 1956 from Glendining 30. xii. 47, lot 186 Schindler 1960

W. —, T. —, R. —

Grierson 1956 from Glendining 30. xii.47, lot 186 Peirce 1948 from Ciani x. 25

Schindler 1960

Schindler 1960

W. —, T. —, R. —

Peirce 1948 from Ciani x. 25

W. 28, T. 23, R. 338

Swiss Collection 1956

Whittemore

Swiss Collection 1956

Grierson 1956 from Glendining 30. xii. 47, lot 186 Schindler 1960

Peirce 1948

Whittemore

Peirce 1948 from Lincoln via Schulman xi. 32

ANASTASIUS I — CONSTANTINOPLE — M (LARGE)

22 Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Wt. sition *23).1 |ZE 18.79/39 4 23j.2 |ZE 15.10 | 35 + 23k.1 |4 17.81 | 33 || Star on emperor’s shoulder 23k.2 |Z 17.73 | 34 \,| Star on emperor’s shoulder *23k.3 |Z 17.32 | 31 / | Star on emperor’s shoulder 23k.4 |48 16.09 | 32 / | Star on emperor’s shoulder 23k.5 |ZE 16.00 | 33 / | Star on emperor’s shoulder 23k.6 |B 14.55 | 34 / | Star on emperor’s shoulder 23lr |#E 17.50] 34 4 23.2 |# 17.20] 31 / 2313 | 16.98 | 36 / 2314 |B 15.64/35 / 2315 |Z6 15.18 | 34 / 23j.1 Whittemore Ww. —, T. —, R. — 23j.2 Whittemore 23k.1 Schindler 1960 Ww. —, T. —, R. — 23k.2 Grierson 1956 from Glendining 30. xii. 47, lot 186 23k.3 Schindler 1960 23k.4 Whittemore 23k.5 Whittemore 23k.6 Peirce 1948 231.1 Whittemore W. —, T. —, R. 348 231.2 Schindler 1960 231.3. Grierson 1956 from Glendining 3. v. 51, lots 110/112 231.4 Whittemore

231.5

Whittemore

Reverse

Date

Beneath, € Stars ¥ Beneath, € Stars * Beneath, € Stars *

Beneath, € Stars * Beneath, € Stars * Beneath, € Stars x Beneath, € Stars * Beneath, € Stars *

Beneath, € Pellets above and below * Beneath, € Pellets above and below xX Beneath, € Pellets above and below * Beneath, € Pellets above and below * Beneath, € Pellets above and below *

498-518

ANASTASIUS I — CONSTANTINOPLE — M, K (LARGE)

23

Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Wt. sition 23m.1 | 16.57 | 35 Beneath, € Tol., X Pellets above and below. Tor., C *23m.2 |B 16.53 | 35 + Beneath, € Tol., x Pellets above and below. To r., C 23m.3 | 16.15 | 36 4 Beneath, € To l., x Pellets above and below. Tor., C HALF FOLLIS Same inscription and K To 1., cross type 24a. |7E 9.57 | 25 / | Star on emperor’s Tor., A shoulder 24a.2 |B 9.14 | 26 J Tor.,A 24b.1 |B 8.95 | 26 J Tor.,B *24b.2 | 8.81 | 25 Tor., B *24c |ZE 7.96 | 24 | | Star on emperor’s Tor., B shoulder 24d.1 |B 9.73 | 28 “ Tor, T 23m __‘ Grierson sees three pellets with the crescent on 23m. I am doubtful. 23m.1 Schindler 1960 from Beisser W. 17, T. —, R. — 23m.2 Swiss Collection 1956

23m.3 Peirce 1948 24a.1 Schindler 1960

W. 50, T. 38, R. — 24a.2 Schindler 1960

24b.1

24b.2 Schindler 1960 24c Whittemore Ww. —, T. —, R. —

Schindler 1960 from Dorotheum 12. x. 54 W. 30, T. 39, R. 356

The obverse die was made for a follis.

24d.

Schindler 1960 from Baumgartner I. xi. 51 W. 31, T. 40, R. 357

Date

498-518

24 ANASTASIUS I — CONSTANTINOPLE ~ K, I, € Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sition 24d.2 |7E 8.45 | 26 | Tor., T 498-518 244.3 |7E 8.28 | 25 + Tor., F 24ge |FE 8.36 | 28 J Tor, A 24fr |7E 6.57 | 25 ,“% | Star on emperor’s Tor, A shoulder 24f.2 BE 6.52 | 25 ,“ | Star on emperor’s Tor, A shoulder 24g.1 |7E 8.60] 27 | Tor.,€ 24g.2 \AE 8.00) 25 | Tor.,€ DECANUMMIUM Same inscription and if surmounted by cross. | type To 1. upward, CON To r. downward, CORD To 1. and r., pellets. In ex., CON (25a) |E 4.02 | 2 (W. 34) To 1., A before CON *25b | 4.38] 22 J | To L., € before CON PENTANUMMIUM Same type a *26a.1 |B 2.37 | 14 \ | DNANASPPAVC | Tor, A 244.2 Peirce 1948 244.3 Peirce 1948 24e Whittemore Ww. —, T. —, R. — 24f.1 Schindler 1960 W. —, T. —, R. — 24f.2 Peirce 1948 24g.1 Grierson 1958 W. 33, T. 42, R. 358 24g.2 Schindler 1960 25b _— Schindler 1960 gift from Schreiner W. 35, T. 58, R. — 26a.1 Peirce 1948

W. 54, T. 65, R.

365

ANASTASIUS I — CONSTANTINOPLE — € 25 Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sition 26a.2 | 2.26) 14 || JNANAL JPAV Tor.,A 498-518 26a.3 | 2.08 | 14 7 | JNAN[ JPAC Tor, A 26a.4 |Z 1.99 | 13 | DNANA[ JAC Tor, A 26b.1 |B 2.59 | 14 / | Illegible Tor.,B 26b.2 |7E 2.24 | 12 || JSIVSPPAV To r., B Only upper pellet visible 26b.3 |Z 2.21 | 14 7 | DNANAST[ Tor., B *26b.4 |B 1.63 | 14 “| DNAN[ JSIVSPPAV Tor.,B *26c.1 |B 2.59 | 14 \, | DNAN SPPAV Tor., F 26c.2 |7E 2.49 | 17 \ | LIllegible Tor,.F *26c.3 | 2.36} 14 | DNANA SP[ Tor., T 26c.4 |AE 1.82 |13 || JSIVSPPA Tor., T 26d.1 | 2.53 | 13. / | DNANASTA SIVSPP | Tor.,A AV 26d.2 | 1.89 | 15 || JSTA SIVSPPA Tor, A 26d.3 | 1.18 | 14 || JSIVSPPAV Tor, A 26ex | 2.65 | 14 || DNANASTA SIVSPPA | Nopelletsin © vc Tor, A 26e.2 |AE 2.40 | 15 | | DNANASTA SIVSPP No pellets in€ AV Tor., A 26a.2 Swiss Collection 1956

26a.3 26a.4 26b.1

26b.2 26b.3 26b.4 26¢.1

26¢.2 26¢.3 26.4 26d.1

26d.2 26d.3 26e.1

26¢e.2

Schindler 1960 Whittemore

Swiss Collection 1956 W. 55, 56, T. 66, R. 368 Swiss Collection 1956 Swiss Collection 1956 Peirce 1948

Peirce 1948

W. 57, T. 67, R. 369 Peirce 1948 Whittemore

Swiss Collection 1956 Whittemore

W. 58, T. 68, R. 370 Swiss Collection 1956 Schindler 1960 Peirce 1948

W. —, T. —, R. — Whittemore

26 ANASTASIUS I — THESSALONICA — 47

Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sition 26e.3 | 2.39 | 14 \, | DNANASTASIVS PPAV| No pellets in E 498-518 Tor.,A *26e.4 | 2.09 | 14 | | DNANASTA SIVSPPAV| No pellets in © Tor., A Thessalonica SOLIDUS DNANASTA SIVSPPA | VICTORI AAVCCC 491-518 vc Victory 1. holding Bust ? r. wearing long voided cross. helmet with plume, _—_In field 1. and r., * trefoil ornament and | In ex., CONOB diadem the ties of which show to L., tunic, cuirass and |

paludamentum. With r. hand holds spear behind head. On 1. shoulder, shield with device of horseman r. spearing fallen foe

*27 AI 4.36 | 20 |

26e.3 Swiss Collection 1956

26e.4 Grierson 1963

27 Spink 21. x. 63 W. —, T. 78-80, R. — The lack of an officina letter is notable. The mint of Thessalonica is suggested because earlier coins of that mint have two stars on the reverse.

*28

*29

*30.1 30.2

ANASTASIUS I — NICOMEDIA — 4 (SMALL) 27

Size Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sition

Nicomedia

NUMMUS

Bust r. NW In ex., NI 491-498

First Period

f 066|10 /Y

FOLLIS

DNANASTAS_ IVSPP M Above, cross. | 498-518 AV In ex., NIC Bust r. with diadem, cuirass and paluda- mentum. A cross rises from the front of the diadem

E 8.96/26 |

Inscription ends AVC M Above, cross. To Similar type, but no | L., r., and beneath,

cross on diadem stars. In ex., NIC BE 8.93 | 25 FE 8.22) 24 Space beneath M obliterated

28

29

30.1

30.2

Florange 1. x. 64 ex H. Longuet Collection

Ww. —, T.—, R. —

This very rare use of a mint mark shows that nummi were not issued from the capital alone. The coin may be of Justinian I. Cf. Adelson and Kustas, “A Sixth Century Hoard of Minimi from the Western Peloponnese,” MN, 11 (1964), pp. 159-205, esp. p. 188, note 54.

Peirce 1948

W. —, T. —, R. —

Schindler 1960

W. 62, T. 34, R. 373

The stars on our specimens are ill-formed; the clearest of them is X. On the published specimens, however, the form is clearly >.

Peirce 1948

28

ANASTASIUS I — NICOMEDIA — K, M (SMALL)

Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sition | HALF FOLLIS Same type K Tol.,cross between) 498-518 N and | | *31.1 |Z 3.66) 20 | | DNANAST ASIVSPP AC *31.2 FE 3.00 | 21 “| DNANASTA SIVSPPA vc | | | JSTA SIVSPPA K eicacnaa. Same type N and I Stars above, below, and to r. | "3200 (|B 4.37 | 20 Same type Little crosses instead of stars *33 FE 3.90 | 2x “| Inscription illegible Second Period FOLLIS | DNANASTA_ SIVSP | liad eee cross. To PAVC | 1. and r., ¥ Beneath, Same type A In ex., NIC *34a JE 9.38 | 23 “ | Cross on diadem 31.1 Swiss Collection 1956

31.2 32

33

34a

W. 63, T. 54, R. 374

Schindler 1960 from Beisser 6. xi. 48

Swiss Collection 1956

Ww. —, T. —, R. —

The star to r. is X. The others are ill-formed. Grierson 1956 from Glendining 30. xii. 47, lot 186

Ww. —, T. —, R. — Peirce 1948 WwW. —, T. —, R. —

The A might be a misshapen B were it not for the O and A on the half follis No. 36. There is perhaps an attempt to make NICOMEDIA using the M and the NIC in the ex. This is probably

a pseudo-officina mark in imitation of Constantinople.

ANASTASIUS I — NICOMEDIA — M, K (SMALL) 29

Size No. i Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date t. sition 34b «|Z 7.24 | 42 | | Nocross 498-518 HALF FOLLIS Same inscription and Kro1, cross between type N and I Tor., x *35.1 5.33 | 20 4 35.2 5.30 | 20 | 35-3 5.25 | 19 4 Same inscription K Tol., cross between and type N and | Above, O Beneath, A Tor., * *36.1 | 5.03/19 4 36.2 |42 4.80] 20 J 36.3 | 3.37 | 20 36.4 | 4.98 | 2t |) Divided ST-SIVS *36.5 |ZE 4.71 | 19 {| Divided ST-SIVS Star * *36.6 | 3.58/17 || DNANSTI[ Star * 34b ~—- Schindler 1960 w.—T.—,R.— The A almost obliterated 35 The type is put in this period because of the likeness of the star to No. 34. 35.1 Peirce 1948 W. 64, T. —, R. — 35.2 Whittemore 35-3 Schindler 1960 from Lanz 26. vii. 55 36.1 Whittemore W. 65, T. 53, R. 375 W. 65 erroneously supplied K for a missing A. With the K itself the reading is NIKOA, the M and A of the follis lacking. Presumably only a general parallel with the follis was intended without too strict a regard for completeness. The mint is not in doubt. 36.2 Grierson 1956 from Baldwin 1945 36.3. Schindler 1960 36.4 Whittemore 36.5 Peirce 1948 “This is one of the very rare occurrences of a five-pointed star on a Byzantine coin.” Grierson 36.6 Schindler 1960

The peculiar legend is clear; size and weight are both low, but the coin is not barbarous.

30

ANASTASIUS I — NICOMEDIA — 45

Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sition DN[ANAST] ASVSPAV K Tol., cross between} 498-518 Same type N and! Tor., B (37) |42 7.10 | 22 (T. 52) DECANUMMIUM DNANASTA SIVSPPA I between N and | vc Tor. downward, ICON Same type To 1. upward, CORD 38.1 |£ 2.82/16 +t *38.2 | 1.92|16 ¢ *38.3. |B 2.15 | 17 7 | DNANA STASIV Peculiar portrait | | Third Period FOLLIS DNANASTA SIVSPPA M Above, cross. > VC to 1., r., and beneath. Same type In ex., NIKOMI (39) |A 16.33) 35 (W. 6r, R. 372) Same inscription MM nove, cross. and type to 1. and r. Beneath, | A In ex., NIKOMI (40) | 39 _| (R. 371) (37) This is the same reverse type as No. 43, but its fabric clearly belongs to the second period

38.1

38.2 38.3

before the issue of folles on big flans. Grierson from Baldwin 1945

W. 66, T. 64, R. 377

Grierson from Baldwin 12. x. 46

Peirce 1948

(42)

*43

44.1 44.2

43

44.2

ANASTASIUS I — NICOMEDIA — M, K, € 31

Size sail Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sition Same inscription Same, but stars * 498-518 and type EB 17.90 | 34 (T. 32) Same inscription © rove, cross. and type to 1. and r. Beneath, WW In ex., NIKOMI FE 16.50 | 40 (Zbornik of the Archaeological

Museum [Skopje,

1959/60], p. 57, No. 29)

HALF FOLLIS

Inscription illegible. Kr 1., cross between

Bust r. Nand1Tor., B FE 6.94| 27 PENTANUMMIUM Bust r. Er r., N FE 3.28) 14 || ]SIVSL FE 1.96/13 4 | JPPAVC

Grierson 1956 from Glendining 30. xii. 47, lot 186 W. —, T. 52, R. —

Grierson 1963

W. 73 (Antioch), T. —, R. —

Grierson 1963

32 ANASTASIUS I — ANTIOCH — M, K, (LARGE) Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sition | Antioch Third Period FOLLIS DNANASTASI VSPPA M Above, to 1. 498-518 VC and r., crosses. In ex., Bust r. with diadem, | ANTX cuirass and paluda- mentum. A cross on the front of the diadem | (45a) | 16.86 | 33 (W. 67) Beneath, B *45b | 15.66 | 36 “| Begins DNANAT Beneath, T *45c.1 |AZ 15.64 | 32 “| DNANASTA VISPPA Beneath, A VCU 45c.2 |42 16.60 | 31 | Officina mark | obliterated | | ' | | Same inscription | M Above, cross. To! | and type 1., * To r., crescent. In ex., ANTX (46) |Z2 15.95 | 30 (T. 36, R. 378) Beneath, [ | HALF FOLLIS | Bust r. K ToL, cross with [ANTX] *47a = | 7E 8.66 | 25 «| | ] ASIYPPYAC Tor.,B 45b Schindler 1960 from Beisser 22. iii. 47 Ww. —, T. —, R. — A in the inscription has the form A and V has the form Y. 45¢.1 Schindler 1960 from Bertelé 21. vi. 49 W. 68, T. 37, R. — Same letter forms 45¢.2 Whittemore 47a ~—~ Peirce 1948 W. —, T. —, R. —

The cross and its flanking letters are almost obliterated. However, the bottom of the cross can be made out, and to the left of it a stroke which can only be the upright of the T. The letters, therefore, were arranged AN above, TX below.

ANASTASIUS I — ANTIOCH — K, I, €

Size No. i al Die Po- Obverse Reverse 7 sition *47b = |/ZE-— 8.95 | 27, | | DNANANSTA [SIV]JS | Tor., A Tol. andr. PPAYC of cross, AN and XT (47c) | (R. 379) Tor., ATol. andr. of cross, AT and NX DECANUMMIUM DNANST ASIYCPP I sienounteatby cross, Bust r. Above head, | pellets tol. and r. To cross 1. upward, ACON To r. downward, CORD In ex., ANTX *48 FE 3.87] 21 | PENTANUMMIUM Inscription mostly E illegible. Same type (49a) |42 2.21 | 12 (W. 69) To r. upward, AAN *4gb | 2.45/14 \ To r. upward, ABN (49c) |\ZZB 1.68 | 14 (W. 70) To r. upward, ATN (49d) |ZE 2.03 | 14 (W. 71) To r. upward, AAN DUAV PPVL Tyche of Antioch Bust r. seated in shrine. Tol, > *50 |Z 171/13 ¥ 47b ~—s— Peirce 1948 W. —, T. —, R. — 48 Grierson 1956 from Baldwin 1945 W. —, T. —, R. — 49b Grierson 1963 W. —, T.—, R. — 50 Grierson 1963 from Glendining 30. xii. 47, lot 186

W.—,T.— R.—

33

Date

498-518

JUSTIN I ro July 518-1 August 527

Since there was no heir apparent at the time of Anastasius’ death election of a new emperor devolved on the Senate. The Excubitors and Scholarians, two corps of the Guards, held opposite views in the matter, and, in addition, several individual interests were involved. Finally the name of Justin himself was presented to the Senate and on 10 July 518 he was elected. He was an Illyrian peasant who had come to the capital to seek his fortune in the army. His only training seems to have been military and he is said to have been illiterate. Outbreaks of disorder by the Blue and Green factions, which combined partisanship in the games of the circus with the function of civic militia, were put down with a strong hand in 524, but recurred in later reigns. Justin’s expenditures exhausted Anastasius’ 320,000 pounds of gold and 400,000 more.

The most conspicuous accomplishment of the reign was ecclesiastical. In 518 a synod condemned the Monophysites, which led to reunion of the Eastern church with that of Rome, and prepared the way for Justinian’s reoccupation of Italy.

MINTS:

Constantinople Cyzicus Uncertain mint Thessalonica Antioch

Nicomedia Alexandria

References are to the numbering in the catalogue.

Uncer- Denomination Con. | Thess. | Nic. Cyz. | Ant. | Alex. | tain Mint Solidus I}2 Semissis 3 Tremissis 4 Silver 5-7 Follis 8-13 | 23,4 | 28-33 | 38-41 | 45-49 Half Follis 14, 15 25 34, 35 | 42-44 | 50, 51 12 Nummi 58 Decanummium 16, 17 52-55 Pentanummium 18-22 36, 37 56, 57 59 3 Nummi 26 2 Nummi 27

34

*Ia (rb) (Ic) (1d) (re)

*rf

(Ig) th.r *th.2

JUSTIN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — SOLIDUS 35

Size Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sition Constantinople SOLIDUS

DNIVSTI NVSPPAVC | VICTORI AAVCCC 518-519 Bust ? r. wearing Victory 1. holding helmet with plume long staff with ¢ on and diadem, tunic, top. In field 1., star. cuirass and paluda- In ex., CONOB mentum. With r. hand holds spear behind head. On 1. shoulder, shield with device of horseman spearing fallen foe

AI 4.43 | 20 4 At end, B

N (R. 382) At end, [

N 4.45 (T. 12) At end, A

Al 4.45 (T. 13) At end, €

A (T. 14) At end, S

AN 3.52 | 19 || No pellets on breast- | At end, H

pierced plate

AN 4.50 (T. 15) At end, 9

AN 4.43 | 21 ¥ At end, |

AN 404) 2 /Y At end, |

Ta

if

th.r

rh.2

This type was omitted by Wroth from both the Byzantine Catalogue and that of the Vandals and Ostrogoths, just as the first type of Anastasius was excluded. As this continues Anastasius’ last type, it is obviously Justin’s first. The device on the shield has now degenerated so far as to be unrecognizable if it were not for the tradition. There is some variation of details: the helmet generally has the remnants of a trefoil ornament and the upper line of the cuirass three pellets, though both these features are sometimes omitted. Since the whole issue was very brief, they seem to have no systematic significance.

Peirce 1948 from Cahn Sale v. 32 (Fiirstenberg 1546) via Schulman

W. —, T. 11, R. 381

Grierson 1956 from Baldwin 14. vi. 47 (= Grantley 2447, bought at Ravenna)

WwW. —, T. — R.—

Clumsy style, especially on obverse, but not Italian

Swiss Collection 1956

W. —, T. 16, R. —

Peirce 1948 from Ciani

Double struck

36

JUSTIN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — SOLIDUS

Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date We: sition Same inscription Same inscription. 519-527 and type Angel facing in tunic and pallium. In r. hand, long cross; in 1., gl. cr. In field r., star. In ex., CONOB *2a Al 4.45) 2r 4 At end, A 2b AN 4.10] 21t || UforN At end, B 2c N 4.34 | 20 / At end, [ (2d) Al 4.50 (T. 4) At end, A *2e A 4.49 | 20 4 At end, € af A’ 4.46) 2r 4 At end, $ *2g AN’ 3.76 | 20 | | No pellets on breast- | At end, Z plate (2h) |A 4.25 (T. 7) | At end, © *2i N 4.52|2r At end, | 2 The abandonment of the traditional female Victory for this facing male type (in spite of the continuance of the inscription) is connected with the union with Rome concluded in Constan- stinople, 28 March 519, as the central event of Justin’s reign. A. A. Vasiliev and A. M. Friend in Vasiliev, Justin the First, Dumbarton Oaks Studies, I (Cambridge, Mass., 1950), pp. 418-26. On this specimen the officina mark, which has the form A, is cut over an earlier letter. Philip Grierson, ‘‘Coins monétaires et officines a l’époque du Bas-empire,” Gazette suisse de numis- matique, 11 (1961) pp. 1-8. 2a Whittemore W. 1, T. 1, R. 383 2b Whittemore Ww. —, T. —, R. — 2c Peirce 1948 from Raymond iii.31 W. 2, T. 3, R. — 2e Peirce 1948 W. —, T. 5, R. 384 2f Peirce 1948 from Cahn Sale v. 32 (Fiirstenberg 1545) via Schulman W. 4, T. 6, R. — 2g Whittemore W. —, T. —, R. —

2i

Crude work, perhaps a contemporary imitation, which would explain the low weight.

Whittemore

W. 5, T. 8-10, R. 385

JUSTIN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — 47 37 Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sition SEMISSIS DNIVSTI NVSPPAVC | VICTORI AAVCCC 518-527 Bust r. with diadem, | Victory, nude to the cuirass and paluda- waist, seated r. on mentum. A pellet in | shield and trophy, the center of the inscribing XXXX on brooch fastening the | shield which she paludamentum holds on her knee. In field 1., star; r., ® In ex., CONOB *3 A’ 2.23) 18 4 TREMISSIS Same inscription and | VICTORIAAVCVSTO type RVM Victory walking r. looking 1., holding in r. hand wreath, in 1., gl. cr. In field r., star. In ex., CONOB *4.1 N 1.50/16 J 4.2 AN 1.48|16 J 4.3 N 1.47/16 J *4.4 AN 1.47|15 4 3 Peirce 1948 from Spink iii. 1929 W. 7-9, T. 17, 18, R. 387 The number XX XX is, of course, purely conventional. Even on the best specimens the shield and trophy are neither convincing in themselves nor possible as a seat. These semisses may be distinguished from those of Justin II with the same inscription and type by three objective tests: # instead of $; XXXX on the shield instead of mere scratches; pellet in the brooch of the emperor’s paludamentum. In addition the relief is higher and the design generally better. 4.1 Whittemore W. 11, 12, T. 19, 20, R. 388 4.2 Whittemore 4.3 Whittemore 4-4 Whittemore

38

No.

45 4.7 *4.8 4-9

(6)

45

4-7 4.8

4.9 (5)

(6)

JUSTIN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — 4’, R

Size seg Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date : sition N 1.46/}15 4 518-527 AN 1.44/15 || AforA A 1.43) 15 4 AN 141/15 A 1.40/15 4 DOUBLE SILIQUA Same inscription CLORIARO MANOR and type VM Emperor in military garb facing, nimbate, leaning on spear and shield. In field r., star. In ex., COB R 4.90 | 25 (T. 22) Same inscription. CLOR[IA RJOMANOR Bust 1. with diadem, VM cuirass and Emperor in military paludamentum garb 1. nimbate, raising r. hand and holding globe in 1. In field r., star. In ex., CO[B] MR 3.98 | 22 (W. 14)

Swiss Collection 1956

Peirce 1948 from Andronicus

Peirce 1948 from St. Louis Coin Co. viii. 29

Whittemore

Whittemore

There is so much variation in the available weights of siliquae that we can only assume that. the coins of about 2.00 grams are to be taken as siliquae, those distinctly heavier as doubles. The present specimen may have been intended for 2} siliquae, but it seems unwise to assume the existence of such a denomination on the basis of a single piece. Grierson has made the division between Justin I and Justin II of the silver generally attributed to the former. See also Bellinger, ‘‘Silver with the Name of Justin,” MN, 12, (1966), pp. 96-8.

Another specimen, 4.31, 25 reading CLORIARO M[ Hirsch Cat. 1909 (Consul Weber Collection) No. 3021

No.

JUSTIN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — &, 39

Size sore Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date es sition

8a.1 *8a.2 8a.3 8a.4 8a.5 *8b.1 8b.2 8c.1 8c.2 8c.3

(7)

8a.1

8a.2 8a.3 8a.4 8a.5 8b.1

8b.2 8c.1

8c.2

HALF SILIQUA

Same inscription. In three lines, VOT 518-527 Bust r. with diadem, | MVLT HTlina

cuirass and wreath. In ex., CONS paludamentum

R 0.55 | 16 (T. 26)

FOLLIS

DNIVSTI NVSPPAVC M Above, cross. To

Bust r. with diadem, | 1. and r., stars. In

cuirass and ex., CON

paludamentum FE 17.31 | 33. \¥ | Double struck Beneath, A Stars ¥ FE 16.35 | 30 “| AforA Beneath, A Stars ¥ FE 15.43 | 32 + Beneath, A Stars x ZE 15.28} 31 4 Beneath, A Stars ¥ ZE 14.16 | 33 “4 Beneath, A Stars * JE 18.31 | 3r Beneath, B Stars x ZE 16.96 | 30 / Beneath, B Stars x ZE 17.66| 30 || AforA Beneath, [ Stars x ZE 17.19 | 29 “ Beneath, [ Stars ¥ ZF 13.30 | 34 {| Double struck Beneath, [ Stars ¥

Tolstoi interprets CONS as CONSTANTINOPOLI SIGNATA. Whittemore

W. —, T. 27, R. 390

Schindler 1960

Schindler 1960

Swiss Collection 1956

Grierson 1956 from Spink 1945

Schindler 1960

W. 21, T. 30, R. 391

The head is unusually well designed with a row of large circles on the band of the diadem. Peirce 1948

Grierson 1956 from Glendining 30. xii. 47, lot 186

W. 22, T. 32, R. 392

Peirce 1948

Swiss Collection 1956

40

8d 8e.1 8e.2 *8e.3 8e.4 8e.5 8e.6

8e.7

*9a.I ga.2 9a.3 gb.

*gb.2 gb.3

8d 8e.1

8e.2 8e.3 8e.4 8e.5 8e.6 8e.7 ga.1

ga.2 9a.3 gb.1

gb.2 9b.3

JUSTIN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — FOLLIS

Size bn Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sition

FE 17.27 | 32 Beneath, A Stars X | 518-527

7E 16.72/31 Beneath, € Stars *

FE 16.44 | 32 Beneath, € Stars *

FE 16.18 | 34 J Beneath, € Stars *

FE 15.93 | 33 + Beneath, € Stars >

JE 14.80 | 32 \ Beneath, € Stars

E 16.06] 31 4 | Beneath, € (obscure) Stars X

FE 12.59 | 29 Beneath, € (obscure) Stars X

Same inscription MT aove, cross, and type | To l., star. Tor., cross.

In ex., CON

FE 17.60 | 30 | Beneath, A Star ¥

FE 16.06/31 | Beneath, A Star *

ZE 14.91 | 3r 4 Beneath, A Star *

JE 18.28 | 31 7 Beneath, B Star *

FE 16.87 | 32 + | Beneath, B Star x

EB 15.41 | 31 7 Beneath, B Star *

Swiss Collection 1956

W. 25, T. 35, R. 393-395

Peirce 1948

W. 27, T. 37, R. 396

Schindler 1960 from Beisser 10. ix. 46

Whittemore

Whittemore

Grierson 1956 from Glendining 30. xii. 47, lot 186

Whittemore

Swiss Collection 1956

Swiss Collection 1956

W. 29, T. 28, R. 397

Some folles have a circle (with central pellet) or a star on the emperor’s shoulder, but the phenomenon is not clear enough to justify separate listing, as under Anastasius. Schindler 1960

Grierson 1956 from Glendining 30. xii. 47, lot 186

Grierson 1956 from Glendining 30. xii. 47, lot 186

W. 30, T. 31, R. 398

Schindler 1960

Whittemore

JUSTIN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — FOLLIS

gc.I gc.2

9¢.3 gd. gd.2

Io

*II

12.1 12.2

gc. g9c.2 96.3 od.1

god.2 10

II

Size _— Die Po- Obverse Wt. sition

JE 16.55/31

7 15.91 | 28 /

7E 14.76/31 N

FE 16.45 | 30 +

ZE 16.42 | 3r +} Same inscription and type, but cross rising from the front of the diadem

JE 15.78 | 31 Same inscription and type

FE 16.19 | 34 + Same inscription and type

FE 14.75 | 3m || Badly corroded

FE 14.36 | 30 J | Badly corroded Same inscription and type

Reverse

41

Date

Beneath, [ Star x Beneath, [ Star x Beneath, [ Star ¥ Beneath, A Star ¥ Beneath, A Star x

Beneath, [ Star ¥

M above, cross. To

| l. and r., crosses.

In ex., CON Beneath, B

M@ above, cross. To

1., cross. Tor., crescent inward. In ex., CON Beneath, €

Beneath, €

M arove, cross. To

| 1, X Tor., crescent

outward. In ex., CON

518-527

Grierson 1956 from Glendining 28. i. 47, lot 186 W. 31, T. 34, R. 399

Schindler 1960

Grierson 1956 from Glendining 30. xii. 47, lot 186 Swiss Collection 1956

W. 32, T. 36, R. 400

Swiss Collection 1956

Grierson 1958

w. —, T. —, R. —

Schindler 1960 from Beisser 16. iv. 49

W. —, T. 29, R. —

Schindler 1960 from Beisser 20. viii. 51

w. —, T. —, R. —

Grierson 1956 from Dillen 5. i. 50

42 JUSTIN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — M, K Size No. ny Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date . sition 13 7E 12.08 | 31 J Beneath, €? (very 518-527 obscure) HALF FOLLIS Same inscription K To 1., long cross and type *14a | 7.97 | 28 A | Conspicuous reel Tor.,A border *I4b |B 8.551 25 Tor., B (14c) |42 (R. 403) Tor. T (14d) |2 (R. 404) Tor., A (14e) | (W. 35, T. 58, R. 406)} Tor.,€ Same inscription K To 1, long cross. and type Above and below, stars *15a.r | 11.57 | 27 Tor., A Stars X *I5a.2 | 8.91 | 25 Tor., A Stars x 15a.3 | 5.97/23 Tor., A Stars ¥ 15b.r | 9.90] 25 4 Tor., B Stars X 15b.2 | 6.70 | 24 / Tor., B Stars x 13 Grierson 1956 from Glendining 30. xii. 47, lot 186 Ww. —, T. —, R. — 14a _—— Peirce 1948 W. —, T. —, R. — “The left side of the reverse of this coin is corroded and it is possible that there are letters (NI or KY) on either side of the cross,” Grierson. 14b ~— Schindler 1960 W. 33, T. 55, R. — 15a.1 Peirce 1948 W. —, T. —, R. — Obverse die is for a follis. Cf. W. p. 15, note 1 15a.2 Grierson 1956 from Glendining 28. i. 47, lot 186 15a.3 Schindler 1960 15b.1 Schindler 1960

15b.2

W. 34, T. 56, R. — W. 34 has star only above. Our specimen has star below very doubtful. Swiss Collection 1956

15c.I *I5c.2 *r5d.1 15d.2

15e

*16a

(x6)

17.1 *17.2

15.1

15C.2 15d.1

15d.2 15e

16a

17.1

17.2

Metal Wt.

7.79 ZE 7.30 ZE 9.98 JE 7.60 ZE 9.09 FE 2.73 ZE 4.96 ZE 5.03 FE 3.58

Whittemore

W. —, T. —, R. 403

JUSTIN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — K, I

Size

Die Po- Obverse Reverse

sition

26 A Tor., Stars x

26 7 Tor., F Stars ¥

24 4 Tor., A Stars x

26 + Tor., A Stars obscure

24 Tor., € Stars x

DECANUMMIUM

DNIVSTINVSPPAVC | eeenere by cross. Legend unbroken. To 1. upward, CON Bust r. draped and To r. downward, diademed CORDI

1 | Tol, A

17 (W. 36) Tol, B DNIVSTI NVSPPAVC | Pniieeee cross. Same type To 1. and r., stars.

In ex., CON ar 4 Stars X Ig JA Stars X

Schindler 1960 from Dr. Ehrendorfer 29. iv. 54 Grierson 1956 from Baldwin

W. —, T. 57, R. 405

Schindler 1960 from Krammel 18. viii. 53

Peirce 1948

W. —, T. 58, R. —

Schindler 1960

W. —, T. 71, R. — This is a puzzling coin. The obverse die is that of a pentanummium. It continues the type of the decanummia of Anastasius (No. 22, supra), and Wroth (p. 15, note 3) concludes from the likeness that his “‘No. 36 is certainly of Justin I.” To be sure the officinae here involved are A, B, and [ instead of A and € as in the case of Anastasius, and the obverse legend is here unbroken. But nothing favors giving the coins to Justin II. Yet the module is that of Anastasius’ second period, later abandoned for a flan much closer to that of our No. 15, and it is hard to see why Justin should have issued this rare denomination on a system unlike

all the rest of his copper.

Grierson 1956 from Glendining 30. xii. 47, lot 186 W. 37, T. 69, R. — The size of these would be normal for Justin’s folles and half folles.

Schindler 1960

43

Date

518-527

44 JUSTIN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — € M. Size No. a Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date t. sition | i PENTANUMMIUM Same inscription E 518-527 and type (18a) |A2 (T. 82) Tor.,A *18b 7E 1.95 | 12 J} Tor.,B wer |E 2.32/13 + | Tor, A 18.2 |~®& 1.67/11 Tor., A Same inscription | Ee and type - 1ga fE 1.56|)12 Y Tor., A *rgb 4E 1.93 |13 +} Tor.,B Igc.l [AE 2.10/12 |! Tor, A *tgc.2 AE 1.98/12 + Tor, A ; hare, G Same inscription Tor.,O | and type *20a «|B a1.87 | 12 1 | Tor.,B *20b | 1.69/11 + | | Tor., A | 20c.1 |AE 2.17 | 11 4 | Officina letter off flan | 20c.2 |B 1.83/12 |) Officina letter off flan 18b Swiss Collection 1956 W. —, T. —, R. — 18c.1_ Swiss Collection 1956 Ww. —, T. —, R. — 18c.2 Schindler 1960 1ga Swiss Collection 1956 W. —, T. —, R. — 19b Swiss Collection 1956 W. —, T. —, R. — 1gc.t Schindler 1960 W. —, T. —, R. — 19c.2 Peirce 1948 20a Whittemore W. —, T. —, R. — 20b Peirce 1948 Ww. —, T.—, R. — 20c.1 Schindler 1960 W. —, T.—, R. — 20c.2 Peirce 1948

JUSTIN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — 4 45 Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sition Same inscription x Tor.,€ | 518-527 and type atari | 3.02 | 12 + Tol, A 2ta.2 | 2.46/13 + Tol, A *21a.3 |E 2.45/17 / Tol, A 21a4 |Z 1.97/13 4 | Tol, A aia5 | 1.83) 13 4 ToL, A 2aia.6 | 171 | 12 J Tol, A 2ib.r | 2.67|14 ¥ Tol, B 21b.2 | 2.63/15 J Tol, B 21b.3 |AE 2.36) 14 || Ends AV Tol. B 21b4 | 2.08) 13 / Tol.,B 21b.5 | 1.77| 14 | DNIV2T NVePAC Tol, B 21b6 |Z 1.77) 12 / Tol.,B *21b.7 |ZE 1.74/13 4 Tol. B 2icr | 2.45/11 | ToL, T *21c.2 |Ai 2.42 |12 / Tol, 2ic.3 |i 2.27|14 / Tol. T *21Id.1 |72 2.37|14 || Ends AV Tol, A 21a.1_ Peirce 1948 from Budapest vii. 32

W. 4of., T. 85, R. 410

21a.2

Schindler 1960

21a.3 Whittemore

21a.4

Peirce 1948

21a.5 Whittemore 21a.6 Whittemore

21b.1

Swiss Collection 1956

W. 42-44, T. 86, R. 411

21b.2

Schindler 1960

21b.3 Whittemore

21b.4

21b.5 Whittemore

21b.6

21b.7 Peirce 1948 21c.1 Whittemore

W. 45, T. 87, R. — 21c.2 Schindler 1960 from Beisser 10. ix. 46 21c.3 Peirce 1948 21d.1 Swiss Collection 1956

W. 46, T. 88, R. 412

Grierson 3. iii. 60

Swiss Collection 1956

46 JUSTIN I — CONSTANTINOPLE, THESSALONICA — Size No. ee Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date : sition 2aid.2 |# 2.30/13 4 Tol, A 518-527 2id3 |/E 2.19/13 4 Tol, A 2aid.4 |#B 2.12/14 4 Tol, A 2id5 | 2.07/13 4 Tol. A ater |B 2.10/15 +t Tol., x 2ate.2 | 2.05|14 Tol., x *21e.3 | 2.05/13 4 Tol, x 2ie4 | 2.01/13 ¥ Tol, x Same inscription ¥ Tor. € and type azar | 2.05/14 J Tol, B 2aza.2 | 1.62/)14 | Tol, B 22b1 | 1.63) 14 4 Tol, TF *22b.2 |B 1.43 | 10 > Tol, T Thessalonica FOLLIS GNIVSTI NVSPPAVC M above, cross. Bust r. diademed Tol. andr., * in cuirass and In ex., THESSOB paludamentum 2id.2 Peirce 1948 21d.3 Schindler 1960 21d.4 Whittemore 21d.5 Whittemore 21e.1 Peirce 1948 W. —, T. —, R. — 21e.2 Swiss Collection 1956 21e.3 Grierson 3. iii. 60 21e.4 Whittemore 22a.1 Schindler 1960 W. —, T. — R. — 22a.2 Grierson 1963 22b.1 Whittemore Ww. —, T. —, R. — 22b.2 Schindler 1960 from Beisser 7. viii. 46

Obverse inscription entirely missing; portrait dubious

*23.1 *23.2 23-3 (24)

*25

(26)

JUSTIN I — THESSALONICA — M, K, T 47

Size Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sition 7E 18.14/29 \ 518-527 AE 17.17|30 \N EB 15.77 30 4 FE 14.52 | 28 (W. 50) Beneath, € HALF FOLLIS

DNIVSTI NVSPPAVC K To 1., long cross. Bust r. draped and Tor., *

diademed JE 6.40] 23 + 3 NUMMI Same inscription [" Tor., * and type JE I.1I | 12 (W. 181, Justinian)

23.1-3 These are all from one obverse die, different reverses. W. 49, T. 40, R. 413 have initial D.

23.1

23.2 23.3 (24) 25

(26)

THESSOB is an irrational legend since OBRYZUM cannot stand for copper. Wroth’s suggestion. (p. c) is most likely; that the letters have ‘“‘probably been copied mechanically from the gold coins of the predecessors of Anastasius I which are inscribed THSOB, TESOB.” See supra, Anastasius (11).

Swiss Collection 1956

W. 49, T. 39, R. —

Grierson 1956

Schindler 1960

“The reading € is certain, but I am so far quite unable to explain it,” Grierson.

Peirce 1948

W. —, T. —, R. 401

The beginning of the obverse legend is partly off the flan. The portrait is like that on the follis of Thessalonica, R. 413. The half folles of Nicomedia, Cyzicus, and Antioch are clearly marked, and the use of a star instead of an officina letter distinguishes this from the half folles of Constantinople.

On R. 415 it is clear from the photograph that the obverse inscription is that of Justin and not Justinian. Wroth has misread this and (27). It seems, however, that they can be left to the mint of Thessalonica to which he attributed them (p. 43, note 1). The fondness of Thessalonica. for unusual denominations is evidence for the mint, together with the use of an eight-pointed star.

48

JUSTIN I — THESSALONICA, NICOMEDIA — 48

Size | No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse | Date Wt. sition 2 NUMMI Same inscription B Tol. andr., ¥ 518-527 and type (27) \ 0.78 | 12 (W. 182, Justinian) | Nicomedia FOLLIS DNIVSTI NVSPPAVC M atove, cross. Bust r. diademed Tol.andr., x | in cuirass and In ex., NIKM paludamentum *28a1 |B 16.73) 35 7 Beneath, A 28a.2 |Z 16.02 | 30 / Beneath, A 28a.3 |7E 13.81 | 32 / Beneath, A *28b.1 |AE 17.16 | 33 4 Beneath, B 28b.2 | 16.51 | 31 “| JNIYSINY NYSPPAC Beneath, B *28b.3 |B 16.42 | 33 “| AforA Beneath, B | Same inscription and | Same type type, but cross rising from the front of the } diadem *29a.1 |Z 16.87 | 30 ,/ | Bust without paluda- | Beneath, A mentum. 94 for PP 28a.1 Swiss Collection 1956

28a.2 28a.3 28b.1

28b.2 28b.3 29a.1

W. 51f., T. 42, R. 416

Swiss Collection 1956

Whittemore

Grierson 1956 from Baldwin

W. 53, T. —, R. 417

Peirce 1948

Whittemore

Schindler 1960

W. 55, T. —, R. —

W. 55 reports A, but this is a misread A.

*29a.2 29b.1 29b.2

32.1 32.2

(33a) *33b.1 33b.2 33b.3

294.2 29b.1

JUSTIN I — NICOMEDIA — FOLLIS

Size Metal Die Po- Obverse Wt. sition 7E 15.34 | 28 J ZE 17.15 |3I ZE 13.49 | 30 4 pierced Same inscription and type, but ¥ above head instead of cross E 17.07 | 30 (T. 45) Same inscription and type, but cross on diadem # 16.29) 31 4 Same inscription and type without cross ZE 16.64 | 30 4 ZE 15.97 | 31 4 Same 1D (R 418) FE 18.28 | 33 FE 13.72 | 32 | Ends IIAVC FE 17.05 | 30 “| DNVSTAI NVSPPA Peirce 1948 Grierson 1956 from Glendining 7. iv. 48, lot 231

W. —, T. —, R. —

29b.2 Schindler 1960 31 Schindler 1960

W. —, T. —, R. — 32.1 Schindler 1960

Ww. —, T. —, R. — 32.2 Whittemore 33b.1 Schindler 1960

W. 57-59, T. 47, R. 419 33b.2 Swiss Collection 1956 33b.3 Swiss Collection 1956

Reverse

Beneath, A Beneath, B Beneath, B

MT iisce: cross. To

1., K To r., cross. In ex., NIKM Beneath, A

Same

Beneath, A Beneath, A

M atove, cross. To

1. and r., crosses. In ex., NIKM Beneath, A Beneath, B Beneath, B Beneath, B

49

Date

518-527

50

JUSTIN I — NICOMEDIA — 4

Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sition HALF FOLLIS Same inscription K Tol., long cross | 518-527 and type between N and | *34a.1 |AE 7.92 | 23 ¥ | Follis die Tor., A 34a.2 |AE 6.19 | 23 | | Follis die Tor, A 34b.r |E 8.67) 25 | DN[E JNIAwPP[ Tor.,B 34b.2 |B 7.66] 25 Tor., B *34b.3 |B 7.52 | 27 Tor., B Same inscription and | Same type, but cross on diadem | *35 FH 8.15 | 25 “| Follis die | Tor.,B PENTANUMMIUM DNIVSTI NVSPAVC 4 Tol.,NTor.,€ Seldom complete. Bust r. | 36.1 | 2.33 | 13 ¥ | Inscription illegible *36.2 |AE 2.11/14 4 | *36.3 |ZE 2.06/13 4 | ]VSTI NVSP[ | 34a.1 Whittemore

34a.2 34b.1

34b.2 34b.3 35

36.1

36.2 36.3

W. —, T. —, R. 421 Schindler 1960

Grierson 1956 from Glendining 30. xii. 47, lot 186

W. 60, T. 62, R. 422

Despite the blundered inscription, this is certainly Justin I. The style of the bust is identical

with that of 28b.1. Schindler 1960 Schindler 1960 Schindler 1960

W. —, T. —, R. — Swiss Collection 1956

W. 47f. (misattributed to Constantinople), T. 89, R. —

Whittemore Whittemore

JUSTIN I — NICOMEDIA, CYZICUS — 42

Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Wt. sition 36.4 |AE 2.06|15 4 | Inscription illegible 365 |EZ 190/13 JNVSAVC 36.6 | 1.69} 15 || DNIVSIV 36.7 | 1.57/15 JY! DNI[ 36.8 |£ 1.56/13 4} DNIVS NVSAVC Same ¥ Tol, N Tor, € *371 |B 1.97 | 12 || DNIVSTI NVSPAV 37.2 | 1.82)13 “| INVAC Cyzicus FOLLIS pnivsti nvsppav | I¥ above, cross. Bust r. draped and Tol. (?) andr., x diademed In ex., KYZ (38) |4E 19.00 | 31 (T. 50) Beneath, A Same inscription M arove, cross. To and type 1. and r. (?), crosses. In ex., KYZ (39) | 14.26 | 33 (W. 62) Beneath, A OUIVSTI UVSPP[ M anove, cross. Same type Tol. and r., KV *40 ZZ 16.88 | 33 + Beneath, B 36.4 Schindler 1960 36.5 Schindler 1960 36.6 Schindler 1960 36.7. Whittemore 36.8 Whittemore 37.1 Peirce 1948 W. —, T. —, R. — 37.2 Grierson 3. iii. 60 (38) | 19 grams would be very heavy, but Tolstoi records it without comment. 40 Grierson 1958

rd

Ww. —, T. —, R. —

5I

Date

518-527

In spite of the errors in the legend, this appears to be an official issue. In ex. perhaps INSA.

52

JUSTIN I — CYZICUS, ANTIOCH — K, M

Size

No. Metal | Die Po-

Wt. sition (41) [2 3 (42) | 9.04 | 29 *43 7.49 | 25 (44) | 8.20 | 25

*45a «=|ZE 18.48/31 \ (45b) |e 14.58 | 35 (45¢) |

Obverse

DN[. JNVSPPAVC Same type

(Antioch, 2091)

Reverse

M atove, cross (?).

Tol. and r., KV In ex., INSA Beneath, B

HALF FOLLIS

DNIVSTI NVSPPAVC Same type

(W. 63)

Inscription obliter- ated. Bust r. Follis die

Inscription obscure. Bust r. (T. 66)

K To 1., long cross between K and V Below, star Tor.,A

Same, but no star visible Tor, <

Same, but star to r.

No officina letter visible

Antioch

FOLLIS

DNIVSTIN VSPPAVC Same type

(W. 67£.) (R. 426) DNIVSTINSP PAVC

M Above, cross.

To 1. and r., crosses. In ex., ANTX Beneath, A Beneath, A Beneath, A

Date

518-527

(41) | INSA is the fourth Indiction.

43 Schindler 1960 W. —, T. —, R. —

45a Schindler 1960 from Beisser 1. viii. 47

Ww. —, T.—, R. —

A surprisingly handsome portrait

JUSTIN I — ANTIOCH — M, K

53

Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sition DNIVSTINVSPPAVC Same 518-527 Unbroken. Bust r. *46 FE 16.39 | 33 Officina letter illegible DNIVSTINVSPPAVCI M atove, cross. To! Bust r. draped and 1., * To r., crescent diademed upward. In ex., ANTX *47a ZE 14.97/ 31 N Beneath, A (47b) | 17.30 | 35 (W. 64) Beneath, [ (47c) |ZE 13.48 | 34 (W. 66) Beneath, A Same. Star on Same emperor’s shoulder *48a | 13.06/31 Beneath, A (48b) | 17.69 | 35 (W. 65) DNIV2TINV[S]| Beneath, A PPAVCI DNIVSTI NVSPPAVC M above, cross. To Same type 1., * To r., crescent outward. In ex., ANTX *49 7E 14.56) 31 \ Beneath, B HALF FOLLIS DNIVSTINVSPPAVCS K To 1., long cross coat ont with is 2 in angles 46 Schindler 1960 W. —, T. —, R. — 47 Antioch, 2074 records ANTIX in ex. 47a ~— Peirce 1948 W. —, T. —, R. — 48a _— Peirce 1948 from Lincoln via Schulman xi. 32 W. —, T. —, R. — (48b) Wroth’s note, “2 on brooch fastening cuirass.”’ There is no clear case of a Rho in any of these stars, and the star is on the emperor’s tunic. 49 Schindler 1960

W. —, T. —, R. —

54 JUSTIN I — ANTIOCH — K, I Size No. sri Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date - sition *50a |B 5.24 | 27 Tor., A 518-527 *50b |FE 7.93 | 25 + Tor, A NA. Same Same, but T X in angles of cross (51a) |Az (R. 428) Tor.,A (5rb) | 8.10 (W. 69) Tor.,B DECANUMMIUM DNIVST IVSPPAVC | eee by cross. Bust r. draped and To 1. upward, CON diademed To r. downward, CORDI In ex., ANTX (52a) | 3.43 | 18 (W. 74) Before CON, T *52b | 3.79/19 J Before CON, A DNIVSTINVSPPAVCS | Same. Heavy reel Unbroken. Same bust | border *53 JE 3.33) 17 + Before CON, A DNIVSTINVSPPAVC | rer by cross. Same bust To 1. and r., pellets. To 1. upward, CON To r. downward, CORDI In ex., ANTX (54a) |B 5.51 | 23 (W. 7of.) Before CON, A (54b) |Z2 (Antioch, 2076) Before CON, B (54c) |42 3.89 | 2z (W. 72) Before CON, (54d) |B (Antioch, 2076) Before CON, A 50a, Swiss Collection 1956 W. —, T. —, R. — 50b = Swiss Collection 1956 Ww. —, T. —, R. — 52b Grierson 1956 from Baldwin 1945 ex Grantley

Ww. —, T. —, R. —

53 Peirce 1948 from Budapest vii. 32

Ww. —, T. — R. —

(54d) One recorded with ANTIX in ex.

JUSTIN I — ANTIOCH — 1, € 55

Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date We. sition Same | Bearer by cross.| 518-527 To l. and r., crosses. To l. upward, CON To r. downward, CORDI In ex., ANTX *55.1 |# 4.51 | 2m Y Before CON, A *55.2 |f7E 3.36] 22 | Before CON, A PENTANUMMIUM Same inscription. E To r., A N upward Bust r. 562 | 2.00/13 ft | JIVSTIL Between A and N,A (56b) | (Antioch, 2077) Between A and N, F *56c FE 2.30|1r | | JIVS PPAVC Between A and N, A Similar inscription Tyche of Antioch and type seated 1. within shrine; river god Orontes beneath her. Tol, 3 571 |#H 2.32/11 ¥ ]VSPP[ 57.2 |B 2.29/12 ¥ ]VSTINVPPAVC 57.3 |#B 2.25/1r +t JSTINVS[ 57.4 |2 1.85/12 4 | Inscription illegible 575 |4 1.80/12 J | DNIVSTINVS[ 55-1 Swiss Collection 1956

55-2

56c 57-1

57-2 57-3 57-4 57-5

W. 73, T. 79, R. —

M. Platt 5. v. 59 Grierson 3. iii. 60

W. —, T. —, R. — Swiss Collection 1956 Ww. —, T. —, R. — Peirce 1948 from Raymond vii. 28 W. 75-82, T. 90, R. 430 Schindler 1960

Swiss Collection 1956 Schindler 1960 Schindler 1960

56

JUSTIN I — ALEXANDRIA, UNCERTAIN — 45

Metal Size No. oy Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. ie sition 576 |E 170/12 < JSPPAIIC 518-527 57.7 | 1.69/12 4 JSVPPE *57.8 |7E 1.65 | 14 | | DNIVSTINVSPPAV 57-9 | 1.63 | 12 4) JNIVSTIN[ 57.10 AE 1.56 | 12 + | DNIVSTINVSPAVC Alexandria I2 NUMMI 1;B | DNIVSTI NVSPPAVC tM Inex., AACE Bust r. draped and | diademed | *58 FE 4.02/19 | Uncertain Mint PENTANUMMIUM DNIVSTI NVSPPAVC ia Above, cross. To 1. Bust r. draped and and r., ¥ Beneath, € diademed *s9a B37 | 14 Officina letter invisible *sob | 1.87/12 | Stars * Officina letter invisible | 57-6 Swiss Collection 1956 57-7 Peirce 1948 from Raymond vii. 28 57.8 Grierson 30. viii. 63 from Glendining 7. iv. 48, lot 231 57-9 Swiss Collection 1956 57.10 Schindler 1960 58 Peirce 1948 from Ratto Sale 9. xii. 30 W. —, T. —, R. 435 This coin Sabatier 56 is an | B of Alexandria attributed to Justin I. Wroth transferred it to Justin IT (p. 62, note 2), since he thought there were no coins of Alexandria earlier than Justinian (his Nos. 342, 343). But Ratto, in publishing this piece, was certainly right in assigning it to Justin I, the style leaving no doubt. 59a Swiss Collection 1956 W. —, T. —, R. — 59b Swiss Collection 1956 W. —, T. —, R. —

These two coins were published by T. Bertelé, ‘““Monete bizantine inedite o rare,’’ Zeitschrift fiir Numismatik, 36 (Berlin, 1926), p. 3, Nos. 2, 3. A specimen at Yale shows [ beneath the €. The only mints which show evidence of a third officina under Justin I are Constantinople and Antioch, and both of those are well supplied with pentanummia. Thessalonica and Cyzicus do not have pentanummia; neither are they likely to have had a third officina.

JUSTIN I and JUSTINIAN I 4 April 527-1 August 527

Justinian, Justin’s nephew, had been adopted by him and, after his accession, had been promoted to such eminent positions that it was obvious he was to be regarded as the heir. But, as the result of a dangerous illness of the emperor and on the advice of the Senate, Justin decided to make his nephew his colleague. Accordingly, on 4 April 527 Justinian was crowned by the Patriarch. The joint reign lasted only until the death of Justin on 1 August 527, but it achieved an entirely peaceful succession.

Size No. ons Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date t. sition

Constantinople SOLIDUS DNIVSTINETIVSTINIA | VICTORI AAVCCC 4 April- NPPAVC Angel facing, in tunic | 1 August To 1., Justin, to r., and pallium. In r. 527

Justinian, both seated | hand, long cross; in 1., facing, nimbate, with | gl. cr. In field r., * trefoil ornament on In ex., CONOB heads, their hands

clasped on their

breasts. L. knee of

Justin advanced, r.

knee of Justinian.

In ex., CONOB

*Ia N 4.35 | 2x | | Uprights of throne At end, Z

shown, but not cross-

bar. Inscription ends

AV (rb) | A (T. 135) At end, © (rc) | A (W. 3) At end, |

1-(9) See Bellinger, ‘The Gold of Justin I and Justinian I,”’ MN, 12 (1966), pp. 90-2. Ia Whittemore W. —, T. 134, R. —

57

58 JUSTIN I and JUSTINIAN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — 4 Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sition Same inscription and | Same inscription 4 April- similar type, but each} and type x August emperor holds globus 527 in 1. hand. Their 1. | knees are advanced *2 4.46 | 2r | | Throne not shown At end, | Same inscription and | Same | similar type, but | cross between heads *3 4.41 | 20 | Uprights and cross- At end, bar of throne shown Same, but IVSTINAN | Same for IVSTINIAN (4) (R. 438) | At end, © | Same, but throne Same | not shown (5a) AN 4.45 | 20 (T. 132) At end, B *5b N 4.40 | 21 At end, A (5c) A’ 4.50 | 21 (W. 5) At end, S$ Same, but uprights Same of throne shown (6a) Al 4.40 | 22 (T. 138) At end, A *6b.r |A 4.48 | 2r At end, | *6b.2 | A’ 4.22 | 2t | | Same die as 6b.1 At end, | Same die as 6b.1 2 Swiss Collection 1956 W. —, T. —, R. — 3 Whittemore W. —, T. —, R. — 5b Bank Leu 31. x. 60 W. —, T. —, R. — 6b.1 Peirce 1948 W. —, T. —, R. — 6b.2. Whittemore

JUSTIN I and JUSTINIAN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — 4’, 4

Reverse

Same inscription and type

At end, $ At end, H At end, |

Same

At end, € At end, © At end, |

Same

At end, Z

LIS

M atove, cross. To

1., X To r., cross. In ex., CON

Beneath, B

Beneath, B

Beneath, [

59

Date

4 April-

x August 527

Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Wt. sition DNIVSTINVETIVSTI NIANVSPPAVC Throne with lyre- back and cross-bar *7a AN 447 | 20 4 (7b) |M 4.35 (T. 141) (7c) |A’ 4.25 (T. 143) DNIVSTINETIVSTI NIPPAVC Same type (8a) | (T. 139) (8b) N 4.48 | 21 (W. 6) (8c) | (R. 437) Same, with uprights of lyre-back throne, but no cross-bar (9) Al 4.50 (T. 134) FOL [DNIVSTINEIVSTI NIANPPAV] Bust of Justin r. draped and diademed *toa |ZE 15.65 | 28 | | JEIVSTINIANP[ *tob jE 15.41 | 3x | | DNIVSTIN[ JINIANPP[ Star on emperor’s shoulder (roc) |Z2 14.64 | 31 (W. 8) 7a Seaby 1956 Ww. —, T. —, R. — roa Swiss Collection 1956 W. 7, T. 144, R. — 1ob ~—- Schindler 1960

W. —, T. —, R. —

60 JUSTIN I and JUSTINIAN I — NICOMEDIA, ANTIOCH — Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sition *tod | 12.68 | 32 | | DNVSTINV[ Beneath, € Tol., *« | 4 April- r August DNIVSTINETIVSTI Same 527 NIANPAVC Same type (11) | 30 (R. 439) Beneath, A | Nicomedia FOLLIS | | | | DNIVS[ JNIVSTINIA M Above, cross. Bust of Justin I r. Tol., X Tor., cross. draped and diademed | In ex., NIKM *I2 FE 16.25 | 32 4+ Beneath, A DNIVSTI NVSIVSTI M anove, cross. NIAV To 1. and r., crosses. Same type In ex., NIKAN? (13) | 32 (Sabatier 5) Beneath, B Antioch | FOLLIS [DNDN]JIVSTINVS €TI M© apove, cross. VSTIN[ Tol. and r., stars. Clockwise beginning In ex., ANTIX | at top. Two facing | busts wearing crowns (14) | | 30 (Sabatier 3) Beneath, A rod Grierson 1956 from Glendining 30. xii. 47, lot 186

12

(13)

Ww. —, T. —R. — Peirce 1948 W. —, T. —, R. —

Tolstoi lists this as his No. 146 and reproduces Sabatier’s engraving. There is no telling how

accurate the obverse inscription is, but the mint mark NIKAN is very dubious.

JUSTIN I and JUSTINIAN I — NICOMEDIA, ANTIOCH — 4 61 Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sition HALF FOLLIS IVSTINV K Tol., long cross | 4 April- nme TPs with A and N in angles F Augast T X 527 (15) |42 8.13 | 25 (W. 9) To r., A (obscure) DECANUMMIUM DNDN[IVSTINVSET] | Peete by cross. IVSTINIANVSPPAV To l. and r., crosses. Same type B[CON]COPDI (sic) In ex., ANTX (16) | 20 (British Museum) PENTANUMMIUM Inscription illegible. Tyche of Antioch Same type seated 1. within shrine; river god Orontes beneath her. To 1., 5 *17 7E 181 |)12 + (15) | This is the piece described and figured by Sabatier 6, inaccurately, according to Wroth.

(16) P. 635.

17 Schindler 1960

C. Davies Sherborn, ‘‘Unrecorded Coin of Justinus I and Justinianus,”’ N. Circ., 22 (1914),

W. 10, 11 with +DNIVST[ JNIANVSPPA, T. 150 with DNIVSTINETIVSTINIA[, R. —

JUSTINIAN I 1 August 527-14 November 565

To fill the treasury, depleted by maladministration under Justin, the new emperor used means of increasing the revenue which, while certainly successful, were furiously resented. Justinian was a man of wide interests, lofty ambitions, indefatigable energy, and imperious will. His consort, the Augusta Theodora, was worthy of him and showed herself his superior when she refused to flee the city at the time of the great riots of 532, which were finally put down with great slaughter of the malcontents. It was the only serious challenge to his power that Justinian had to face.

The plan for his most enduring work, the codification of the Roman law, was announced. shortly after his accession, and by 535 the Codex, Digest, and Institutes had been published. It is significant that, though the official language of the administration was still Latin, laws promulgated after 535 were written mostly in Greek.

The best known feature of the reign is the mighty wars which consumed the empire’s resources: wars in the East against the Persians to maintain or improve the frontier and wars in the West to reclaim for the empire territory which had been lost to one or another of the German peoples. The Eastern war continued from 527 to 532 and from 540 to 562. Its most conspicuous incident was the Persian capture and sack of Antioch in 540, and to the Persians’ plunder were added large sums which had to be paid to them to insure the safety of other cities. Antioch was restored and the final terms on which hostilities ended were not unfavorable to the Romans, but the cost of the war had been very great.

The first war in the West was waged to destroy the power of the Vandals in North Africa, and was won with surprising ease. An expedition under Belisarius, which left Constantinople in June 533, entered Carthage on September 15 and won a conclusive victory in the middle of December. But the thorough crushing of the Vandals did not produce peace, for the Moorish tribes took up the fight against the Romans, who never finally conquered them in spite of the barbarians’ disunion.

Amalasuntha, daughter of the great Theodoric the Ostrogoth, pursued a policy friendly to the empire, but was put out of the way by her enemies, which gave Justinian the opportunity to intervene to avenge her. Belisarius was dispatched to the easy conquest of Sicily in 535 while a second army was directed to conquer Dalmatia and occupy Salona. Rome was captured on December g, 536 and, though besieged until the spring of 538, was saved by reinforcements. Belisarius then embarked on a systematically planned reduction of enemy strongholds, the execution of which was marred by insubordination among the generals and, for a while, by the presence of rival authority in the person of the Grand Chamberlain Narses. Nevertheless, Ravenna was captured in May 540 and Belisarius brought the captive king and queen back to Constantinople.

As in the case of Africa, the apparent end of the war did not give place to peace. Imperial military power in Italy was neglected and the country was alienated through

62

JUSTINIAN I 63

being taxed to revive the resources of the treasury. The new Gothic King, Totila, began a career of conquest which included the occupation of Rome, and which was inadequately met by the return of Belisarius with insufficient forces. He left Italy in 549. In the next year Narses was sent to Italy, this time with enough force to be effective, and by 552 the Gothic army was conclusively defeated, though it was another ten years before peace was established throughout the land.

Aside from the great wars Justinian had intermittent trouble with the barbarian tribes to the north who could be restrained from raiding the empire only by the practice of constant diplomacy and who occasionally made hostile inroads in spite of gifts and pledges.

It can easily be seen how dangerous a drain on the treasury were these constant con- flicts; in addition, there were two other burdens to which the economy of the empire was subjected. The first was the immense loss of life resulting from the great plagues which afflicted the empire from Sicily to Mesopotamia in 542/3 and again, though with less violence, in 558. The other, though exhausting, was at the same time one of the great glories of the reign: Justinian’s prodigious building program which provided a fortified frontier and beautified the cities with fine public buildings. Its most familiar and most spectacular achievement was the reconstruction of St. Sophia, destroyed in the riots of 532.

The scope of Justinian’s activity is reflected in the fact that during his reign twice as many mints were in operation as during the reign of Justin I. Never again was the number so large.

JUSTINIAN I

MINTS: Constantinople Cyzicus Thessalonica Antioch Cherson Alexandria Nicomedia References are to the numbering in the catalogue. Denominations Con. Thess. | Cher. Nic. Cyz. Ant. Alex. Aureus I Solidus (normal wt.) 2-9 (light wt.) 10-16 200-01 Semissis 17, 18 Tremissis 19, 20 Silver 21-27 Follis 28-32, I0g-II, | 164-81 | 202, 206- 37-61 115-39 7, 210, 212-3, 215-34 33 Nummi 273 Half Follis 33, 62- | 103-06 112, 182-92 | 203, 208, 75 140-54 2II, 214, 235-50 16 Nummi 98 1z Nummi 274 Decanummium | 34, 76- | 99, 107 113, 193-8 | 204, 209, 95 155-63 251-67 8 Nummi 100 6 Nummi 275 Pentanummium | 35, 96-7 108 II4 199 205, 268- 72 4 Nummi IOI 3 Nummi 276 2 Nummi 102 Nummus 36

64

JUSTINIAN I

MINTS (cont’d):

Carthage Perugia Constantine in Numidia Salona Rome Unidentified Mint Ravenna Spain Jase Con. Uncertain Mints Denominations Car. Rome | Rav. (Num.) Per. Sal. ? Spain Aureus Solidus (normal wt.) 277-9 318-20} 333 (light wt.) Semissis Tremissis 376 Silver 280-2 234-41 Follis 283-6, | 312 | 321-4, | 342-4 358 291-3 329 33 Nummi Half Follis 287-8, | 313-15 | 325, | 345-6 356 359- 294-6 330 60 16 Nummi 12 Nummi Decanummium 289, | 316-7 | 326, | 347-55| 357 361 | 362-68 297-9, 331 304-5 8 Nummi 6 Nummi Pentanummium 290, 327 369-71 300-01, 306-7 4 Nummi 3 Nummi 2 Nummi Nummus 302-03, 328, 372-5 308-11 332

66

JUSTINIAN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — 47

Size No. eg Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date . sition Constantinople AUREUS

DNIVS[ JANVSPPAV VICTOR IAAVCVSTO | 527-538 Bust r. with diadem, | RVM cuirass and Victory running l., paludamentum with wreath and palm.

In field 1., g, r., star.

In ex., CONOB

(x) A’ 5.43 | 23 (Goodacre Handbook [1957], P. 2) SOLIDUS DNIVSTINI ANVSPP VICTORI AAVCCC 528? AVC Two Victories facing Emperor seated facing} each other with long in consular robes. In | cross between them. r. hand holds mappa; | Star above head of in 1., cross. In ex., each. In ex., CONOB CONOB (2) A’ (Private Collection)

The classification of Justinian’s gold and silver has not yet been made, and the amount of

material in this collection is too small to serve as a basis for conclusions. It is certain that there

was more than one mint in operation for gold, and in some cases there is objective evidence indicating a place of issue. Further division is often made on the evidence of style, but as that is a difficult guide to use for so few pieces, I have preferred to group together under Constantinople all the gold except where another attribution has some specific support. I record without prejudice such suggestions for assignment as have been made. (1) was un- doubtedly struck for a gift on a special occasion but there is no indication of the date. While emperor, Justinian was Consul in 528, 533 and 534. It seems likely that this coin belongs to the first of these occasions at the beginning of his reign. To be published by Mrs. Mando L. Oeconomides in MN, 12 (1966), pp. 75-7.

No.

(3a) (3b) (3c) *3d (3e) 3f (38) 3h

31.1 31.2

JUSTINIAN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — SOLIDUS

Size ae Die Po- Obverse Reverse : sition

DNIVSTINI ANVSPP VICTORI AAVCCC AVC Angel facing, in tunic Bust ? r. wearing cui- | and pallium. In r. rass with three pellets | hand, long cross of in front and helmet pellets; in 1., gl. cr. with plume, trefoil In field r., In ex., ornament and diadem | CONOB the ties of which do not show. With r. hand holds spear behind head. The locks of hair to r. have become a mere dissociated dot. On 1. shoulder, shield with horseman device

A ai (R. 440) At end, A

Al 4.47 | 21 (W. 1) At end, B

Al 4.47 | 20 (W. 2) At end, [

N 4.28) 20 J At end, A

Al 4.21 | 20 (W. 3, 4) At end, €

N 4.35] 20 4 At end, $

A (T. 7 = Sabatier 2) At end, H

N 4.35 | 20 4 At end, ©

pierced

AN 4.45 | 22 4 At end, |

AN 4.45 | 20 4 At end, |

3d 3f 3h 3i.t 3i.2

5°

67

Date

527-538

The types continuing those of Justin I are obviously the first of the new reign. It is generally assumed that the 3/4 facing portrait was abandoned at the time the full face portrait was adopted for the copper: 538/9. Grierson 1956 from Seaby 15. ii. 50 W. —, T. 5, R. 442 Bank Leu 19. viii. 58 W.—, T.—, R. — Swiss Collection 1956 W. 5, T. 8, R. 443 Peirce 1948 from Cahn Sale 30. v. 32 (Fiirstenberg 1551) W. 6, T. 9, R. 444

Friend 1957

68

JUSTINIAN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — SOLIDUS

*31.3

(6)

Size Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sition AN’ 4.45 | 20 4 At end, | 527-538 Same Same, but linear cross’ N 4.34|2r 4 At end, A Same Same, with pelleted cross and X* AN 4.39} 2r At end, | Same inscription VICTORI AAVCCC and type, but ends Victory 1. in chiton of diadem are visible | and peplos, holding in r. hand globe with ® In field 1., star. In ex., CONOB AN (T. 2 = Sabatier 1) At end, |

31.3

(6)

Grierson 1956 from L. S. Forrer 31. vii. 51

Overstruck on one of Anastasius; the letters DNANAS and the outline of the bust are visible on the obverse and the letters VICTORI and the top of the 4 held by the Victory on the reverse.

Whittemore

w. —, T. —, R. —

Peirce 1948

W. —, T. —, R. —

The six-pointed star is normally characteristic of Italian issues.

Sabatier’s coin is in Paris. Cf. W. 7, on which Grierson remarks “‘A modern forgery. The Paris specimen appears to be genuine.’’ Wroth comments on the intrusion of a profile Victory among the preceding and succeeding angels, and suggests that it may not have been struck at Con- stantinople, ‘‘but there is no particular evidence in the matter.” “It is probably Arles,” Grierson.

JUSTINIAN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — SOLIDUS

Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse We. sition

Same inscription. Bust | Same inscription. facing, wearing helmet | Angel facing, in tunic with plume and and pallium. In r. diadem from which hand, long linear two pearls depend on | cross; in 1., globe. either side; cuirass In field r., with three pellets In ex., CONOB in front. In r. No officina letter hand, gl. cr. Onl. shoulder, shield with horseman device

*7.1 AN 4.34] 2t 4

97.2 N 4.39|20 4

*7.3 N 4.46 | 23 || AforA

*7.4 N 4.20/21 \ Same inscription Same inscription. and type Angel holds cross of

pellets and gl. cr.

7.2

7.2

7:3

7-4

69

Date

538-545

The combination of two remarkable features of the reverse: the absence of a cross on the globe and the absence of an officina letter, distinguishes this group, but does not place it. If we had to deal with the first specimen only, we might regard it as a fine beginning for the new type struck at the capital. But J. Lafaurie (‘Un solidus inédit de Justinien [et frappé en Afrique,” RN®, 4 [1962], pp. 167-82) says (p. 168, note 1) ‘Les émissions de monnaies 4 ce type ne proviennent certainement pas de l’atelier de Constantinople,’ and the wide variety of style makes it appear that more than one mint was involved. Perhaps gold of this group was struck in a number of places in all of which it introduced the new type which was later corrected to include the cross and an officina letter. But until there is more evidence, it will be most useful to keep the group together. Leuthold has argued (“Solidi leggieri da XXIII silique degli imperatori Maurizio Tiberio, Foca ed Eraclio,” RIN, 62 [1960], pp. 146-54) that such coins form a 23 carat series, but several of the coins here exceed that weight.

Whittemore W. —, T. 17-19,

R. 448

Grierson 1956 from Sotheby 109. iii. 51 ex Baron C. A. de Cosson Collection Flatter relief, but well drawn.

Peirce 1948

Very inferior portrait and uneven lettering. Swiss Collection 1956

R. 448 This coin

Larger head and more crowded pattern, but not so grotesque a portrait.

70

(8a)

*8b (8c) (8d) (8e) 8f 8g.r 8g.2 8h

ga.I ga.2

*gb gc

8b 8f 8g.1

8g.2 8h

ga.I

9a.2

gc

JUSTINIAN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — SOLIDUS

Metal oe Wt. Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date sition AN’ 4.40 (T. rz) At end, B 538-545 AN 4.49} 20 4 At end, [ AI 4.21 | 20 (W. 13) At end, A AI 4.34 | 20 (W. 14) At end, € A (R. 445) At end, Z N 448| 22 At end, H ANI 4.49 | 22 4 At end, © N 4.26!/2r J At end, © AI 4.28|2t J At end, | Same inscription Same inscription and | 545-565 and type type, but angel holds long linear staff with ? at top AI 4.47 | 22 J At end, A N 2.73; 18 J At end, A clipped AN 445) 2t At end, B A’ 4.50/19 J | No pellets on At end, [ breastplate Ratto 1955 W. —, T. 12, R. — Peirce 1948 from Cahn Sale 30. v. 32 (Fiirstenberg 1550) Ww. —, T. —, R. — Good portrait like 7.1 Whittemore W. —, T. —, R. —

The shaft of the cross runs above the top cross bar giving the appearance of a patriarchal cross. Grierson 1956 from Tinchant 4. vii. 51

Peirce 1948 from Ciani iii. 24

W. —, T. 16, R. 446

The deterioration of style shows that this type succeeded No. 8. The date 545 for its introduction is given by Lafaurie, op. cit. (cf. supra, note 7).

Grierson 1956 from Baldwin 27. xi. 50

W. 8, T. 27, R. 451

Whittemore

Friend 1957

W. tof, T. 28, R. 452

Schindler 1960 acq. Vienna 12. iv. 47

W. —, T. 29, R. —

gd.1 *od.2

ge

of.r

of.2 9f.3

(98) gh.r

gh.2 gh.3 gi.I 91.2 9

od.r od.2 ge of. of.2 of.3 gh.r gh.2 oh.3 gi.

gi.2 9j

ok

JUSTINIAN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — SOLIDUS

Size se Die Po- Obverse Reverse if sition N 4.48|22 J At end, A Star ¥ N 4.40/20 | At end, A AN 4.49/21 At end, € N 4.47 | 2r || No pellets on At end, S breastplate

4.45 | 21 At end, $ with ring

4.38 | 2x || No pellets on At end, S$

breastplate A’ 4.36 | 20 || (W. 15) At end, Z AN 4.48 |} 2r J At end, H A 4.48 | 20 / At end, H N 4.47122 4 At end, H AI 4.41 | 20 J At end, 9 AI 4.31 |} 20 4¥ At end, 8 AN 448 |2r 4 At end, | AI 4.51) 2r ¥ At end, | (apparently altered from I) Whittemore

W. 12, T. 31, R. 453 Grierson 1956 from Glendining 14. i. 53 no. 186 ex Rashleigh Sale 21. ii. 35, lot 303 Peirce 1948 from Spink iii. 29

W. —, T. 32, R. 454 Apparently same dies Note by Grierson ‘‘Probably western; cf. style of Justinian of Rome on 1/4 follis.” Swiss Collection 1956 W. —, T. 33, R. —

Whittemore

Peirce 1948 from Spink iii. 29

Grierson 1956 from Glendining 14. ix. 51, no. 105

W. —, T. 37, R. — Spink 1962 from an Egyptian collection

Whittemore Whittemore

W. —, T. 38, R. —

Ratto 1955

Grierson 30. ix. 58

W. 18, T. 39, R. 456 Kress Sale 23. x. 63, lot 846 Ww. —, T. —, R. —

7i

Date

545-565

72

*IO

*II

JUSTINIAN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — SOLIDUS

Size Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date sition

Metal Wt.

LIGHT WEIGHT SOLIDUS 20 SILIQUAE

Same inscription Same inscription and | 545-565 and type type except that angel holds plain cross in r. hand, globe without cross in |. In ex., OBXX

N 3.72 |20 4 At end, |

Same Same, but in ex., ODXX N 3.58 | 20 J At end, |

10-(16) Howard Adelson’s Light Weight Solidi ... (NNM, 138 [New York, 1957]) has an exhaustive

10

Ir

statistical treatment of the weights. His theory of the origin and use of these light coins does not affect their cataloguing, but it may be remarked that finds show that they ci:culated within the empire and, as the 20’s at least are clearly marked with their value and can have been intended to deceive none, the innovation must have been intended to meet some need. of the government for making reduced payment. The most obvious class of payments which might be reduced by 1/,, or /, is salaries, as already suggested by J. P. C. Kent in his review of Adelson’s book, NC, 19 (1959), p. 238.

The group to which Nos. ro and 11 belong was struck on a theoretical standard of 20 siliquae, the normal solidus being 24, and there is no doubt that OBXX means “Obryzum, Viginti

Siliquae.”” Adelson groups together the coins marked OB * +>*,OB +>K, andOB aa and con-

cludes that they are all struck on a theoretical standard of 22 siliquae (pp. 55-8). Any revision of his statistics should be based on a large body of material and not too much can be made of the greater weight of No. (16), but it does seem that this may be allowed to reinforce the distinction between two stars and one, which was surely intended to mark a difference. Whether the omission of the + from No. 12 is also to be considered significant I cannot say but, with all due reservations, I suggest that the one-star group was of 21 siliquae, the two- star group of 22.

Grierson from Kapamadji 1. ix.50

W. —, cf. T. 23, cf. R. 450

Grierson from Spink 28. v. 45

W. —, T. —, R. —

Slightly clipped. Adelson, No. 22. His note 16, p. 176, reads ‘‘Particular note should be taken of the Italic D in the reverse exergue in place of B. It is one of the few coins of western origin in this series.” As it is not conspicuously Western in style and as the star, though malformed, was obviously intended as >{, after the Eastern fashion, I leave it tentatively in Constantinople. Grierson’s note. “I think it is a contemporary imitation. The style of the face, the fact that the angel holds a cross with the top slightly turned over as if the die-sinker was not certain whether or not to make # and the fact that there appears to be a trace of an erased cross above the globus on the die, all point to this.”

JUSTINIAN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — SOLIDUS

73

Date

545-565

Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Wt. sition 21 SILIQUAE Same Same, but in ex., OB * I2 AN 3.71 | 2m 4 At end, | Same Same, but in ex., OB+% *13 AN 3.69 | 20 J At end, | Same Same, but in ex., + OB * (x4) N 3.35 | 2x J | (Adelson 28) At end, | Same Same, but in ex., + co *K (15) AN 3.73 | 22 J | (Adelson 29) At end, | 22 SILIQUAE Same Same, but in ex., OB * + (16) AN’ 4.11 | 2x J | (Adelson r) At end, 8 12 Kress Sale 23. x. 63, lot 843 W. —, T. —, R. — Adelson does not have the mark OB >. 13 Peirce 1948

(16)

Ww. —, T. —, R. — Adelson, No. 30. “The mark in the exergue is found only on this coin before the reign of Tiberius Constantine. After that it is relatively common.’’ The scarcity of other marks com- pared with the twenty-six specimens with OBXX suggests that the 21 siliquae class is a

later variety.

The © at end perhaps stands for Theoupolis, i.e., Antioch.

74 JUSTINIAN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — 47 Size | No. seg Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date 3 sition SEMISSIS DNIVSTINI ANVSPP VICTORIAAVCCC 527-505 AVC Victory, nude to the Bust r. with diadem, | waist, seated r. on cuirass and paluda- shield and trophy mentum inscribing XXXX on | shield which she holds on her knee. In field 1., star; r., # In ex., CONOB #171 AN 2.23/19 4 *17.2 N 2.23/19 4 17.3 N 219/18 J | 17.4 |A 2.17) 18 J} 17.5 AN 217/19 J} 7.6 |AN 207/17 J+ | | | Same Same, but in field, + (18) A’ 2.21 | 18 (W. 19) | TREMISSIS Same inscription VICTORIAAVCVSTO and type RVM Victory walking r. looking 1., holding in | r. hand wreath, in 1., gl. cr. In field r., star. In ex., CONOB 17 Since the semisses of Justin I have #, and those of Justin II ¢ it is probable that the former is used first by Justinian. It is very much the commoner. By the end of the reign the XXXxX is often reduced to a series of strokes. 17.1 Peirce 1948 from Platt iii. 26 W. 21, T. 42, 44, 45, R. 465f. 17.2 Peirce 1948 from Ciani x. 25 17.3. Whittemore 17-4 Peirce 1948 from Raymond v. 28 17-5 Schindler 1960

17.6 Peirce 1948

JUSTINIAN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — TREMISSIS 75

Size No. —— Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date We sition *19.1 |A 1.49] 18 \ 527-565 *I9.2 |A 1.49/16 J *19.3 AN 1.48|17 J | 194 |N 148] 15 J 195 |A 1.47/16 JY 19.6 |N 1.46|16 J 197 |N 145/14 ¥ 19.8 |AN 1.45 | 16 J 19g |N 1.3r | 15 / Ig.t0 |A 1.22/15 ¥ Same Same, but star in field 1. 20 AN 1.44/15 \ 19.1 Peirce 1948 from Spink iii. 1929 W. 22-24, T. 46-48, R. 467-469 There is great variation in the appearance of these, as the illustrations will show. Some of them may have come from a Western mint but I find no sure basis for discrimination. 19.2 Peirce 1948 acq. x. 28 Possibly from Ravenna. Cf. W. V., p. 114. 45, pl. XVI. 15, which shares with this a final H for M on the reverse inscription. The star is clearly six-pointed. 19.3 Friend 1957 Possibly Ravenna 19.4 Whittemore 19.5 Whittemore 19.6 Whittemore 19.7. Peirce 1948 19.8 Whittemore Double struck 19.9 Schindler 1960 acq. Vienna 22. iii. 47 19.10 Shaw 1947 20 Peirce 1948 from a jeweller in Budapest i. 25

W. —, T. —, R. — Grierson regards this as Italian.

76

*21.1 21.2

21.1

21.2 22

JUSTINIAN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — &

Size Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date We sition DOUBLE SILIQUA DNIVSTINI ANVSPP CLORIARO MANORVM| 527-538 AVI Emperor diademed, Bust r. with diadem, | nimbate in military cuirass and garb, standing r., paludamentum holding in r. hand spear, in 1., gl. cr. In field r., star. In ex., COB R 4.29! 20 || O forD, H for first N R 4.16] 22 | JANVSPPAVI JRO MANORVM SILIQUA Same | Same MR 2.35 | 22 || O for D Inscription Ul for CL, H for M ends ANV[ Double struck

On COB, see supra, Anastasius (11). The types copy those of Justin I and would therefore be Justinian’s first silver. Babelon, Mélanges numismatiques, III, pp. 321-36, discusses Justinian’s silver with the types of the emperor in arms in connection with the great gold medallion (W., Frontispiece). He would connect them all with Belisarius’ conquest of Africa in September 533 and would date them in that year or shortly thereafter. But his insistence that the emperor in arms type must be related to important military successes ignores the use of it with the name of Justin. It is much more likely that this silver was struck at the beginning of Justinian’s reign, like his first gold type. The appearance of a medallion with the facing portrait introduced in 533 shows that the emperor in arms was still used four years after the conquest of Africa (Babelon, p. 327; DOPapers, 12 [1958], p. 154, no. 46). Must all the profile portraits antedate this facing one ? I was inclined to think so in 1958, but, considering the analogy of the semisses and tremisses, I now doubt it. I should put this type 527-538, the helmeted bust and the bust left, after 538.

Peirce 1948 Ratto Sale 9. xii. 30

W. —, T. —, R. 470 This coin

Schindler 1960

Schindler 1960 acq. Vienna 23. xi. 55

W. —, T. 55, R. —

(23)

*24.1

24.2

*26.1 26.2

24.1

24.2 26.1

26.2

JUSTINIAN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — & 77 Metal Size Wt. Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date sition DOUBLE SILIQUA Same Same, but emperor 527-538 standing 1. R 4.89 | 25 (W. 27) DNIVSTINI ANVSPP CLORIARO MANORVM AVC Emperor diademed, Bust r. wearing helmet} nimbate in military with plume and garb, standing l., diadem, cuirass and holding in r. hand paludamentum long spear, in 1., gl. cr. In field r., star. In ex., COB R 41310] 24 | H for M and N The cross on the globe has been defaced R 3.92 | 23. Same Same, but emperor standing 1. looking r. AR 4.20 | 23 (W. 26) Same inscription. CLORIA R OMANO Bust front, head 1. RVM with diadem, cuirass | Emperor diademed, and paludamentum nimbate standing 1. R. hand raised; in 1, globe. In field r., star. In ex., COB BR 444/24 4 R 4.11 | 2t J | DNIVSTINI ANVS[ CLORIA[ ]VM

Grierson 1956 from Spink ro. i. 47

W. —, T. 54, R. —

Although on both specimens the head of the figure on the reverse is very badly worn, there is a trace left on the front of the diadem which shows that the emperor was looking to the left instead of to the right, as on W. 26. Peirce 1948 acq. iii. 31

Schulman 1957 W. —, T. — R. —

Grierson 1956 from Glendining 18. i. 49, lot 206; Professor E. L. Jonas Collection

78 JUSTINIAN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — &, 4 Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sition SILIQUA Same inscription. VOT MVLT MTI 527-565 Bust r. with diadem, | In three lines in a cuirass and wreath. Beneath, paludamentum obscure *27 ® 2.51 | 20 | FOLLIS DNIVSTINI ANVSPP M above, cross. To} 527-538 AVC 1., star; to r., cross. Same type In ex., CON *28a.1 |AD 15.04 | 28 | Beneath, A Star ¥ 28a.2 |AX 14.80] 29 | Beneath, A Star ¥ 28a.3 |4B 14.46 | 30 / Beneath, A Star ¥ 28b.1 |A8 18.00} 30 J Beneath, B Star x 28b.2 |AX 16.94 | 31 + Beneath, B Star x *28b.3 |4Z 16.46 | 30 / Beneath, B Star x 28b.4 |Ai 15.97 | 30 ¥ Beneath, B Star x 28b.5 |Au 14.75 | 30 Beneath, B Star x 27 Shaw 1947 Ww. —, T. —, R. — Cf. supra, Anastasius (13) 28 In his description of the type Wroth speaks of “‘paludamentum fastened by a brooch orna- mented with X.” I think the paludamentum is fastened by a brooch shown as a simple circle. The star is a decoration of the tunic which covers the emperor’s shoulder. The star seems to have been regular, though it is very frequently obliterated by wear; its existence will be assumed except where it is certainly absent. 28a.1 Swiss Collection 1956 W. 28, T. 82, R. 482 28a.2 Grierson 1956 from Glendining 30. xii. 47, lot 186 28a.3 Schindler 1960 28b.1 Schindler 1960 W. 29, T. 84, R. 483 28b.2 Grierson 1958 28b.3 Swiss Collection 1956 28b.4 Peirce 1948 gift of Royall Tyler from Budapest vii. 32

28b.5

Schindler 1960

JUSTINIAN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — FOLLIS 79 Size No. 9 Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date : sition 28c.1 |Ai 18.07 | 30 / Beneath, F Star ¥ 527-538 28c.2 | 16.58 | 30 / Beneath, [ Star ¥ 28c.3 |X 18.69 | 29 7 Beneath, [ Star X 28c.4 |AU 17.52 | 29 / Beneath, F Star * *28c.5 |4E 13.44 | 34 7 Beneath, [ Star * 28d.1 | 16.75 | 33 ¥ Beneath, A Star x 28d.2 |Z 16.58 | 30 J Beneath, A Star X 284.3 |AX 15.09 | 30 / Beneath, A Star x 28d.4 |AE 16.07 | 29 4 Beneath, A Star ¥ 28d.5 |42 15.46 | 30 ¢ Beneath, A Star ¥ 28d.6 |i 17.12 | 27 / Beneath, A Star illegible Same Same, but to l. and r., crosses 2ga.r |AS 17.52 | 30 / Beneath, € 29a.2 |AX 17.13 | 30 ¥ Beneath, € 29ga.3 |AD 14.77 | 29 f Beneath, € 29a.4 |A2 17.57 | 32 < | Double struck Beneath, € *29b.1 |42 14.93 | 30 / | Cross above head Beneath, € 28c.1 Swiss Collection 1956 W. 30f., T. 86, R. 484 28c.2 Peirce 1948 Boston 10. vi. 39 28c.3. Schindler 1960 28c.4 Whittemore 28c.5 Swiss Collection 1956 28d.1 Whittemore W. 32, T. 88, R. 485 28d.2 Schindler 1960 28d.3 Peirce 1948 28d.4 Whittemore 28d.5 Peirce 1948 Boston ro. vi. 39 28d.6 Grierson 1956 from Glendining 28. i. 47, lot 176 29a.1 Grierson 1956 from Glendining 30.xii. 47, lot 186 W. 38, T. 90, R. gor 29a.2 Schindler 1960 29a.3 Swiss Collection 1956 29a.4 Swiss Collection 1956 M and part of the obverse inscription appears on each side. 29b.1 Schindler 1960 from Mayreder 23. ii. 54

W. —, T. —, R. —

80 JUSTINIAN I — CONSTANTINOPLE — FOLLIS

Size No. Metal Die Po- Obverse Reverse Date Wt. sition 29b.2 |48 14.07 | 30 / | Cross above head Beneath, € 527-538 Same Same, but to 1. and r., stars *30a «(AE 17.45 | 34 / Beneath, A Stars * *30b |AE 12.84] 30 \ | Nostar on shoulder Beneath, A Stars (30c) |As (R. 488)