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HANDBOUND AT THE
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UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS
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THE ANNALS 7 .
AND Ios
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,
INCLUDING
ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, ann GEOLOGY.
(BEING A CONTINUATION OF TIE ‘ANNALS’ COMBINED WITII LOUDON AND CHARLESWORTH’S ‘ MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.’)
CONDUCTED BY
ALBERT C. L. G. GUNTHER, M.A., M.D., Ph.D., F.R.S., WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, F.RB.S., F.LS., F.G.S.,
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wee
VOL. XITX.—SIXTH SERIES.
ee eee ile
LOAPON : PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS.
SOLD BY SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KFNT, AND CO., LD.; WHITTAKER AND CO.: BAILLIERE, PARIS: MACLACHLAN AND STEWART, EDINBURGH :
HODGES, FIGGIS, AND CO., DUBLIN: AND ASHER, BERLIN,
1897.
“Omnes res createe sunt divine sapientiz et potenti testes, divitie felicitatis humane :—ex harum usu Jonitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapientia Domini ; ex ceconomia in conservatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia -majestatis elucet. Earum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper eestimata ;
a veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper inimica fuit.”—Liynavs.
‘Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour voir qu’elle est le chef-d’ceuvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor-
tent toutes ses opérations.’—Bruckner, Théorie du Systéme Animal, Leyden, 1767.
Be OOM De CaN ar eure The sylvan powers Obey our summons; from their deepest dells The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed, But scatter round ten thousand forms minute
Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock
Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth faee They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush
That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles, Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread, The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne,
All, all to us unlock their secret stores
And pay their cheerful tribute.
J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818,
ALERE § FLAMMAM.
CONTENTS OF VOL, XIX.
[SIXTH SERIES. ]
NUMBER CIX.
Page I. A new Amphipod from New Zealand (Family Pontoporevde). By Cuarzes Curtton, M.A., D.Sc. F.L.S. (Plate V.).......... II. Descriptions of new Lizards and Frogs from Mount Victoria, Owen Stanley Range, New Guinea, collected by Mr. A. S. Anthony. By G. A. Bouteneer, F.R.S. (Plates I. & IL.) ...........000-- 6
IIT. Descriptions of Four new Species of Lycenide from the Eastern Archipelago. By Hamitron H. Druce, F.Z.S.,F.ES. .. 18
IV. Contributions from the New Mexico Biological Station.— No. 2. Ona Collection of Diptera from the Lowlands of the Rio Nautla, in the State of Vera Cruz. I. By C. H. TyLer Townsenp, ree se Cai ole nis laine a xa ase dy eceww 9 a 0,00 s/ne a0 diamlaes
V. The Classification of Oribatide. -By A. D. Micuarn, F.L.S. 34
VI. Contributions from the New Mexico Biological Station.— III. The Bees of the Genus Colletes found in New Mexico. By T. D.
ECOG MERICUE) orks «us <daldetsle = senate sinters so aieretiads come sess 39 VII. On Cteniform Spiders from the Lower Amazons and other Regions of North and South America, with List of all known Species of these Groups hitherto recorded from the New World. By F. O. PickarD CamMBRIDGE, B.A. (Plates HI. &1V.) ....---ee eee 52 VIII. Descriptions of new Malay Frogs. By G. A. BouLENGER, a orate als GE ona aeons a aininsn te AA o.ocalare tsa le\e's Wpivie’e's 106 IX. On some Trapdoor Spiders of the Family Ctenizide from South and West Australia, contained in the Collection of the British Museum. By R.1. Pocock ......... cece seeereeereeensreseres 109 X. Descriptions of two new Species of Scorpions from East Africa. 116
Byte OE OCOUR sis v ees yiisesces nar vee eco ns secs pre ahenesyees
1V CONTENTS.
Proceedings of the Geological Society .....0cce cece cece ee eeeee
“The most pious priority purist ” on the Lobster, the Crayfish, and Professor Bell, by the Rev. Thomas R. R. Stebbing, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S,; Note on some Sponges from the Auckland Islands, by Prof. R. von Lendenfeld; On the Sexes of Charaxes
miatus, Rothschild, by A. G. Butler, Ph.D., &e. ........ 120-124
NUMBER CX.
XI. On a Collection of Homoptera made in Southern Africa. By Woda, DISTANT nyc s cas ¥ sols cooley w nipie ss cir Maisie eted «oa Sore
XII. A Contribution to the Biology of the Social Wasps of Brazil. By HT. VON DRE RING 4)5 0.05050» octe so sets nie tia inne se
XIII. Contributions from the New Mexico Biological Station.— No. IV. Diptera from the Sacramento and White Mountains, in Southern New Mexico. I. By OC, H. Tyter Townsrenp
ie) 6 (6 / ate Kenta
XIV. The Physiological Importance of the Air-Spaces in Flying Animals, ) By Prof. KR. von LexpENeEen . 4)... 1-45 25} kennels
XV. Description of a new Snake from Sierra Leone. By G. A. BourENGEE, BRS: (30 <sais wise etme ie Seis a eee, ot wate en eats ee eee
XVII. On Movement in a Circle as the Fundamental Form of Movement in Animals: its Cause, Manifestation, and Significance. By Profs F-O/ GULDBERG. 4.4 (4, 0.0.0.0 01st ain spinnin Vena a ee
XVIII. On the Tsu-shima Representative of the Japanese Sable. By Ornrrecp DeOmAS 4]0% dade. hindu Sb 5A oe Obese ele eee
XIX. On a new Gazelle from Central Arabia. By OLpFrreip THOMAS! > ., 56. s-ajeco’ein, 3A mia.s Wie 9, & ubeanseinte, bet Os’ ~)> 5 Ga
XX. New Eastern Heterocera. By Col. C. Swrnuor, M.A., PLS eioy's aisin ak wes aes p ths Oe iain ae ae ee pein sb ia pay Hae
XXI. Description of a new Species of Delma from Western Australia, By Dr. As GONTEER. Js) ixnmgees Osama eal
XXII. Descriptions of new Species of Butterflies from the Pacific Islands. By H. Gross Suir, B.A., F.E.S., F.Z.S. ............ XXII. On Lepidoptera Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea, By Joun Henry LEEcu, B.A., F.LS., F.ZS., &e. 2... 0. ees e ene
New Books:—The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Published under the authority of the Secretary of State for India in Council. Edited by W. T. BLanrorp.—Moths, Vol. IV. By Sir G. F. Hampson, Bart.—The Parasitic Diseases of Poultry. By Frep. V. Turopacp, M.A., F.ES, ......236
125
1838
138 149
154
161
, 237
CONTENTS. Vv
Page Proceedings of the Geological Society........... 000s eeeeeeeeees 238
The Generic Name of the River Crayfish, by F. Jeffrey Bell; A Gigantic Cephalopod on the Florida Coast, by A. E. Verrill 289, 240
NUMBER CXI.
XXIV. Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews.— No: VE By Prof. Minregn, M.D., LL.D. EARS... fos a 241
XXV. New Species of Hymenoptera from Central America. By Ee SMEEIOIG,, EAE LN eee Seles Okie ae alse cte WU alee Sete alec ger « 261
XXVI. A List of Reptiles and Batrachians from the Congo Free seg with Descriptions of Two new Snakes. By G. A. BouLENGER, RS.
XXVIII. Description of a new Snake from Usambara, German Bai aarica. «By: Al BOucENGER, BURG. sciences oo = dsm gee ole: 281
XXVIII. Description of anew Species of the Genus Pecilopsaltria belonging to the Family Cicadide. By W. L. DisTant.......... 282
XXIX. Descriptions of some new Oriental Opiliones recently received by the British Museum. By R. I. Pocock
XXX. A Contribution to the Osteology of the Mesozoic Amioid Fishes Caturus and Osteorachis. By A. Smira Woopwartd, F.L.S. BEERS UN eT, opocn fatal arehel sf ai'uyar reso fs opapos0en, repao,srwesesarapejacs Popa 29
XXXI. On Lepidoptera Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. By Joun Henry LE«EcH, B.A., F.LS., F.ZS., &e. 20... eee eee 297
XXXII. On a new Mouse from Damaraland. By W. E. bE Winton
Proceedings of the Geological Society ..............2eeeees 350, 351
What are the Names of the Crayfish and Lobster?, by R. I. Pocock; The Lobster and the Crayfish: a Reply, by the Rev. Thomas R. R. Stebbing, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S. ; Nocturnal protective Coloration in Mammals, Birds, Fishes, Insects, &c., as developed by Natural Selection, by A. E. Verrill...... 302-354
NUMBER CXII.
XXXII. Report upon the Scorpiones and Pedipalpi obtained on the Lower Amazons i Messrs. E. E. Austen and F, Pickard Cam- bridge during the trip of Mr. Siemens’s Steamship ‘Faraday.’ By R. 1. Pocock 367
Bik Cie VE € 6 @ 66 6.8 & 6m SOLS OB BL Oe CTO O19 0 6 OHI SO S616 /6)6 0 Fe 6a ©
Vi CONTENTS.
Page XXXIV. New Species of Hymenoptera from Central America. Synbs. CAMERON, BSE: 6254 60 00+» «se stale 6 to selec eee 368
XXXV. A Contribution to the Osteology of the Mesozoic Amioid Fishes Caturus and Osteorachis. By A. Smirn Woopwarp, F.L.S. (Platesex. & KE) ees ess 3's sa seicle's dia, elvie lc else oe 379
XXXVI. On a new Dormouse from Mashunaland. By OLprrecp PEETOMEAS (5 se ivais 5 wi elk pin ake nid pao e are ete ¢- 0 5pe cae toe 388
XXXVII. Note on Deridea, Westwood (Lyttide), with the Description of a new Species. By Mrs. M. K. THomas............ 389
XXXVIII. On a Collection of Heterocera made in the Transvaal. By” Wi DRIGTAIN Tig. ac 'ca.s 0s oie ie)= Perel mainte Pee cole mie 390
XXXIX. Contributions from the New Mexico Biological Station. —V. Some new Hymenoptera from the Mesilla Valley, New Mexico. By 0. DAY COG RRR iy si n.n\cG Molen inte nie Oe 394
XL. Descriptions of further new Species of Butterflies from the Pacific Islands. By H. Grose Smiru, B.A., F.G.S., F.Z.S. ...... 403
XLI. New Eastern Lepidoptera. By Col. C. Swinnor, M.A, BuLiS sy Peek Oe a. RAL Rs Be ee ee 407
XLII. On Spirorbis: Asymmetry of these Annelids and Phylo- genic Connexion of Species in the Genus. By MM. Maurice CauULLERY and Féi1x Mesniz. With a Note by M. Epmonp PROREUIETE, 6 55 ss fara’n 070 01a 0 “0 "ante ois lo taa Jo tale Cute he’s (ole fala Oo MR a EA 411
XLII. On Lepidoptera Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. By Joun Henry Leecu, B.A., F.LS., F.Z.8., &c. (Plates VL & fl) nA PO eS OR 414
XLIV. Descriptions of Two new Muride from Central and West Africa. By W..E. pa WINTON 3c; as <> os oneness Here 463
XLV. On a new Species of Lagidium from the Eastern Coast of Patagonia, By OLDFIELD THOMAS «4...» ino > setae sen ee eee 466
XLVI. Description of a new Lizard from Obok. By G. A. BOULENGER, FESS, -4.5:hn00.93 «210 2054 eel eee a 467
XLVII. Description of a new Genus and Species of Tortoises from Borneo. By G. A. BouLznanr, F.RS......5.0..eseswessnenasss 468
XLVIII. On a new Nymphalid Butterfly from N.E. Borneo. By Artuur G. Burier, Ph.D., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Senior Assistant-Keeper, Zoological Department, British Museum ......... 0000 cess eee eee
Astacus vindicated as the Lobster’s Genus, by the Rey. Thomas R. BR, ‘Stebbing, M.A., FLEAS. ELS. ..s..<,+ arene nes 470
CONTENTS. Vii
NUMBER CXIII. Page XLIX. Notes on the Longicorn Genus Glenea, Newm., with Descriptions of new Species. By C. J. GAHAN, M.A., of the British BPPre vite CMA CUTAN EMISLGEY)) 0. nce terre alee cleles 64 82 ore Sere hewn 473
L. Notes on some South-American Muride. By OupFreLp ERATE oo o8 or: Roe ¢ 2 So AAO Cpe ae anne ree 494
LI. Descriptions of Five new Species of Mylabrine (Lyttide) in the Collection of the British Museum. By Mrs. M. K. Taomas ,. 501
LU. A List of the Reptiles and Batrachians collected by Mr. Al- fred Everett in Lombok, Flores, Sumba, and Savu, with Descriptions of new Species. By G. A. BoULENGER, F.R.S. .........0ceeees 503
LILI. Descriptions of some new Species of Scorpions of the Genus Tityus, with Notes upon some Forms allied to 7’. americanus (Linn.). ig 1 E ds LOVE Clie ie ae < cic cia RRR ISR ei roc oe eae 510
LIV. On Sus verrucosus, Mill. & Schleg., and Allies, from the
Eastern Archipelago. By Dr. C.1. Forsyru Magsor ........ eer OE
LY. On Lepidoptera Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea. By Jonn Henry Leecu, B.A., F.LS., F.Z.S., &e.—Part II. Family Geometride; Subfamilies Ginochromine, Orthostixine, Larentiine,
PA CULLAUUILE OM O G CONLELY UIE a. arer aby oye fensye e. Seoistan eususs ert suctel ehatoiw’s/sshel stoke 543, LVI. The Ochre-footed Scrub-Squirrels of East Africa. By W. E. RTM RRE IMTS ear dees rt ot avnis che ls G-csnicin ol cheletadeytieicrerion.« aivier sare apatore 573
LVII. Coleoptera collected in the Transvaal. By W. L. Distant. 575
LVUI. On a Collection of Heterocera made in the Transvaal. By Ua TTUAIN Doh wi peatacey ret cP ayaa tt Seca Ut rat ahedab ototelte neta sicos woiiore ¢ 579
LIX. Descriptions of some new Species of Acreide collected by Mr. F. J. Jackson at Ntebi, Uganda. By Emity Mary Suarprz .. 581
On the Organization and Affinities of Plew:otomaria, by MM. E.-L. Dreveudeee TTL lee RUSE Eat oa 04.0) vikie. als) ci Sie, Sie) y, 0.6.0, ep @ 0186.65 583
NUMBER CXIV.
LX. Note on a Cast of the Brain-cavity of Iguanodon. By Cuas. W. ANDREWS, B.Sc., F.G.S., Assistant in the British Museum Per anUratRAAELOT Wy. 9 (EABTOC MLW irs nickel axlaiy a's: fie wine mviels vig’ sate e/s 585
LXI. Ostracoda from the Chara-marl of Hitchin, Herts. By FrrpERick Cuapman, A.L.S., F.R.M.S. (Plate XV.) .......... 591
LXIL. List of the Neuroptera collected by Mr. E. E. Austen on the Amazons &c. during the recent Expedition of Messrs. Siemens Bros. Cable 8.8. ‘ Faraday,’ with Descriptions of several new Species of Odonata (Dragonflies), By W. F. Kirsy, F.LS., F.ES., &c, Reser eeNy LO ies stare ees hig a teat ead eee ne dite ess 598
Vili CONTENTS.
Page LXIII. The Otter of Central America. By C. I. Forsytx IVA SOR onic. c ei aja. wie Sechelt vie. vig ¥:0°0'd Wefoce iy She aote: eRee en 618 LXIV. On the Relations of Antennophorus Uhimanni, Haller, to Lasius mixtus, Nyl. By M. CHaRiEs JANET ,.0¢.:05-.+s+e00re 620 LXY. Diagnoses of new Land-Shells from Flores, Malay Archi- pelago. By EpGar A: Smarr. ...)..,.22 00 eee eee 623 LXVL On a new African Pierine Butterfly of the Genus My- tothres, By Anruue G, Burien, PRD. &e,. 152. en enone 627 LXVII. Some new Forms of American Rotifera—II. By Dr. Au- FRED’. Sroxus:, (Plate XDV;) .cce dace ontaneng tas Se alee e 628
LXVUI. Descriptions of Eleven new Species of Land and Fresh- water Mollusca from South Africa. By James Cosmo MELvILL, M.A., F.L.S., and Jonn Henry Ponsonsy, F.Z.8. (Plate XVIL) 633
LXIX, On Lepidoptera Heterocera from China, Japan, and Corea.
By Joun Henry Lexcu, B.A., F.LS., F.Z.S., &c.—Part Il. Family Geometride ; Subfamilies CEnochr oming, Orthostixine, Larentiine, Acidaline, and Geometrin@ ........+. \Saiel dls Sasori ways ae Oe 640
New Book:—Das Tierreich. I. Lieferung.— Aves: Podargide, Caprimulgide, and Macropterygide. Bearbeitet von Ernst
FEGRP BRT, 5 2a Set cetera tetas Wipro tk ea hate Se 679 On the Ma 2 Baan Tubes of Orthoptera, by M. L. Bordas; The
ns great Octopus of Florida: certainly not a Cephalopod,
by A. E. Vernll ccc eon ek ae eee 680-682 Andere ye pe LNG a 2e skies RR ek ee dele meter oe ier ae ke 684
PLATES IN VOL. XIX. Saas New Lizards and Frogs from Mount Victoria. IIL. IV. V. Platyischnopus neozelanicus. VL { VII. § VIII. iOo& x “4 Osteorachis Leedsi.
> ¢ |
xt, | Neuroptera from the Amazons. XIU. | XIV. New American Rotifera. XV. Ostracoda from the Chara-marl of Hitchin. XVI. Brain-cavity of Iguanodon. XVII. New Mollusca from South Africa.
Cteniform Spiders from the Lower Amazons.
Heterocera from China, Japan, Corea.
Osteology of Caturus.
THE ANNALS
AND
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. [SIXTH SERIES.]
Soopenoececoscae per litora spargite muscum, Naiades, et circiim vitreos considite fontes: Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores: Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum. At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas ; Ite, recuryato variata corallia trunco Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas Ferte, Dez pelagi, et pingui conchylia succo.” N. Parthenii Giannettasi, Ecl. 1.
No. 109. JANUARY 1897.
I.—A new Amphipod from New Zealand (Family Pontoporeiide). By CuarLes CuITon, M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S.
[Plate V.]
THE genus Platyischnopus was established in 1888 by the Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing, in his Report on the ‘ Challenger’ Amphipoda, for a species two imperfect specimens of which were obtained in Port Jackson at a depth of between 2 and 10 fathoms. The genus was placed provisionally in the family Pontoporeiide, but at the same time it was pointed out that “the combined characters of its peculiar head, the chelate gnathopods, and the emarginate telson, give it a more or less isolated position among the Amphipoda at present -known” *.
I find that I have a species in my collection of New Zealand Crustacea that appears to come under this genus, although it differs in some points, as explained further on. It is represented, however, by only a single specimen taken in Otago Harbour by surface-netting on the night of Sep- tember 19th, 1891. The specimen was at the time partially
* Report on the ‘ Challenger’ Amphipoda, p. 830. Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xix. 1
2 Dr. C. Chilton on a new
dissected and permanently mounted before it was recognized that it was the only specimen taken of a new and rare genus. Unfortunately pressure of other matters caused it to be laid aside, aud it has remained long overlocked. Consequently there are many points that cannot now be satisfactorily made out by an examination of the mounted specimen. I think, however, that sufficient can be-learnt to show that, although in many respects the specimen closely resembles Stebbing’s species Platyischnopus mirabilis, it differs considerably in others, and that these points of difference throw some further light on the affinities of the genus, and I have therefore thought it worth while to place a description of the species on record.
Platyischnopus neozelanicus, sp.n. (Pl. V.)
Specific description.—The head and antenne resembling in general shape those of P. mirabilis. Second joint of peduncle of upper antenne and last two joints of the peduncle of the lower with long feathered sete. Both gnathopoda stouter than in P. mradilis, the first apparently ending simply, the dactylos not impinging against the propodos; the second minutely chelate, the dactylos being small and short and impinging against a spine-like projection of the propodos. The first and second perzeopoda with the end of the propodos oblique and bearing several spine-like setz longer than the dactylos; the carpus of the second pereopoda expanded posteriorly and supplied with several long feathered sete. Third uropoda with the rami longer than the peduncle, sub- equal, outer one formed of two joints, both rami bearing long feathered sete at the extremity. ‘Telson double or very deeply cleft, each half with a stout spine at the end and two setee at the side some distance from the end.
Length about 4 millim.
Hab, Otago Harbour, New Zealand. ;
Detailed description.—Vhe head, in its peculiar shape and in the position of the antenna, closely resembles that of P. mirabilis.
The body is rather broad, chiefly so in the perzon.
The upper antenne (PI. V. fig. a.s.) are somewhat shorter than the lower; the peduncle considerably longer than the flagellum, the first joint stout, broader than long, with two or three small sete at the distal end; second joint oblong, about twice as long as broad, distally furnished with four or five long feathered sete which reach as far as the end of the flagellum ; the third joint rather more than half as long as
_—
Amphipod from New Zealand. 3
the second; secondary flagellum about half as long as the primary, and composed of three joints, while the primary contains five.
The lower antenne (fig. a.z7.) have the peduncle very stout, the fourth joint slightly longer than the fifth, fully twice as long as broad; upper margin with three fine sete, lower margin with some fine sete and, in addition, six long feathered sete; fifth joint slightly shorter than the preceding and considerably narrower, upper margin with several fine sete and at the distal end one long feathered seta; lower margin with three or four feathered sete near the middle and one placed distally ; flagellum impertect, apparently about as long as the last joint of the peduncle.
Mouth-parts not examined in detail.
The first gnathopod (fig. gn. 1) has the basos very long and slender, expanding slightly distally, end with two long sete ; carpus much longer than the propodos, upper margin regularly convex and free from sete, lower margin sinuous, slightly produced downwards, and thickly fringed with sete except near the base; propodos narrow at base, expanded distally, lower margin thickly fringed with long sete; at the base of the dactylos is a tuft of three or four long sete fully twice as long as the dactylos; no distinct palm visible, the gnathopod being apparently simple.
The second gnathopod (fig. gn. 2) similar in general shape to the first, but somewhat longer; propodos only about half as long as the carpus, produced distally into a small tooth, against which the very short dactylos impinges; the other joints and the arrangement of the sete practically the same as in the first gnathopod.
The integument of the propodos in both gnathopods seems to be very delicate and is somewaat shrivelled in my mounted specimen ; hence I have not been able to make these parts out as fully as I should like, but it is clear that the first is not chelate and little, if at all, subchelate, and that the second, though certainly chelate, has the dactylos so short that it is very different from the well-marked chelate limb of P. mirabilis.
The first pereopod (fig. prp.1) has the meros somewhat produced at its antero-distal angle, its hinder margin with three long feathered sete; the carpus only about two thirds the length of the meros, bearing posteriorly at the end one long feathered seta and two spiniform sete ; propodos rather longer than the carpus, end oblique, with about six spiniform sete, from which the dactylos can be distinguished only by being shorter and a little stouter.
|#
4 Dr. C. Chilton on a new
The second perwopod (fig. prp.2) similar to the first, but rather longer, having the carpus produced posteriorly into a rounded lobe, which bears about six long feathered sete reaching beyond the end of the dactylos.
The third perwopod (prp.3) has the basos widening dis- tally and at the widest part as broad as long, anterior border with small tufts of short spiniform sete; the meros broad, produced posteriorly, both margins with tufts of spiniform sete; carpus half as long again as the meros and about as broad, similarly supplied with spiniform sete; propodos about two thirds the length of the carpus, but much narrower, with one tuft of spiniform sete on each margin and others at the end; dactylos straight and styliform, about two thirds as long as the propodos.
The fourth pereopod does not differ in any important character from the third.
The jifth pereopod (fig. prp.5) is considerably broader and somewhat shorter than the third; the basos is much broader than long, the ischium large and broad, its breadth being more than half the greatest breadth of the basos; meros broad, oblong, only slightly narrowed at base, anterior margin with sete at the end only, posterior margin with four or five slender sete, and towards the distal end two or three short spines; carpus as broad as the meros, narrowed at base, anterior margin with two transverse rows of spines and one row at the end; posterior margin with one row at the middle and another at the end; propodos about as long as the carpus but only half the width, with a tuft of spines about the middle of each margin and others at the end; dactylos straight, styliform.
The jirst uropod (fig. ur.1) has the peduncle longer than the rami, with two strong spines at the distal end, otherwise nearly free from sete ; outer ramus slightly longer than the inner, with a tuft of four or five stout sete at the end, sides parallel and free from sete; inner ramus with a similar tuft of sete at the end and one seta a little removed from the end.
The second uropod (fig. ur. 2) has the peduncle stout, as long as the outer ramus, with three sete in serrations on the upper margin; outer ramus considerably longer than the inner, both with tutts of sete at the ends and the outer one with an additional seta on the upper margin.
‘Lhe third uropod (tig. ur.3) has the peduncle much shorter than the rami, bearing a few sete, and at the end one jeathered seta reaching to the end of the rami; outer ramus slightly longer than the inner, with the distal third marked
Vn tn Tr
Ci, in
Amphipod from New Zealand. 5
off as a separate joint, the ramus bears a few fine sete, and at the end two long feathered sete; the inner ramus also bears two or three long feathered sete at the extremity *.
The telson (fig. T) is either double or very deeply cleft, each half about twice as long as broad, narrowing slightly towards the end, and apparently partly rolled up so as to be convex above; at the end is a stout spine and on the upper surface two smaller ones placed towards the outer margin and at some distance from the distal end.
The two halves of the telson are separated on my slide, and it is possible that fig. T, Pl. V., in which the left half has been restored, does not give a correct idea of their natural position, and that the inner margins should be more closely approximated.
Remarks.—While the imperfect condition of the specimen described leaves much of its structure still uncertain, the points that can be made out are, perhaps, of some importance in their bearing on the systematic position of the genus Platyischnopus. It is evident, too, that in the gnathopoda and in the telson this species differs markedly from P. mira- bilis and also from the characters laid down by Stebbing for the genus; but the resemblances in other respects are so close that there is no doubt of the near relationship of the two species, and they may as well stand together until the genus is better known and its limits clearly defined. Further, the points in which P. neozelanicus differs from P. mirabilis bring it more into harmony with other allied species, and seem to show that Stebbing was undoubtedly right in placing his genus in the family Pontoporeiide. Stebbing has already pointed out the relationship of Platyischnopus to Urothoé as shown by the perwopods, and in the present species we find in the gnathopoda also some approximation to Urothoé; this is best seen in the first gnathopod, though the limb appears to be simple instead of subchelate: the second gnathopod differs from that of Urothoé in being chelate, but the chelate character is not very marked, and from the figure given by Stebbing it seems as if we get a slight approach in the same direction in Urothoé pulchella, Costa t; and it is, perhaps, as well to recall the fact that Costa described and figured the second gnathopod of this species as having the
* In the present dissected state of my specimen there is nothing to indicate which is the outer ramus in the uropoda; but from the analogy of Urothoé &c. I have assumed that it is the outer one that is the longer in each case.
+ Stebbing, “On the Genus Urothoé and a new Genus Urothoides,” Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. xiii. pt. 1 (1891) pl. iv. A, ga. 2.
6 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new ?
hand produced into a tooth confronting the finger, though Stebbing supposes that this was due to a misapprehension *.
A further approach to Urothoé is perhaps to be seen in the long feathered sete found in the present species on the antenne, the first and second pereopods, and the third uropods, though they do not seem to occur on the third and fourth pereopods, where they are most abundant in Urothoé. ‘The terminal uropods and the telson show a fairly close connexion with Phoxocephalus as well as with Urothoé and Urothoides, and the general shape of the head has somewhat the cha- racters of Phowxocephalus, though in a much exaggerated degree.
In the telson this species evidently differs very considerably from the ‘ Challenger’ species (where the telson is undivided and emarginate), and presents a fair general resemblance to Urothcé and allied genera.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.
Platyischnopus neozelanicus, sp. 0.
a.s. Upper antenna, X 50. prp.8. Third pereeopod, x 50.
ai. Lower antenna, x 50, prp.®. Fifth pereopod, x 50. gn. 1. First gnathopod, x 50. ur. 1. First uropod, x 50, gn. 2, Second gnathopod, x 50, ur.2. Second uropod, x 50. prp. 1. First pereeopod, x 60. ur.3. Third uropod, x 50. prp.2. Second perseopod, x 60. T. Telson, x 90.
17 Melville Terrace, Edinburgh, 5th October, 1896.
1I.—Descriptions of new Lizards and Frogs from Mount Victoria, Owen Stanley Range, New Guinea, collected by Mr. A. 8. Anthony. By G. A. BouLencer, F.R.S.
[Plates I. & IT.]
Lygosoma nigrolineatum. (PI. I. fig. 1.)
Section Hinulia. Body moderately elongate, limbs rather short; the distance between the end of the snout and the fore limb contained once and a half in the distance between axilla and groin. Snout short, obtuse. Lower eyelid scaly. Nostril pierced in a single nasal; no supranasal; frontonasal broader than long, forming a suture with the rostral and with the frontal; latter a little shorter than frontoparietals and
OL, 6. p. 4%,
Lizards and Frogs from New Guinea. c/
interparietal together, in contact with the two anterior supra- oculars; four supraoculars; eight supraciliaries; fronto- parietals and interparietal distinct, subequal in length; parietals forming a suture behind the interparietal; six pairs of nuchals; fifth upper labial below the centre of the eye. Ear-opening oval, a little smaller than the eye-opening; no auricular lobules. 28 smooth scales round the body, laterals smallest, the two vertebral series much enlarged, more than twice as broad as Jong, here and there fused to a single plate- like scale five or six times as broad as long. A pair of large preanals. The adpressed hind limbs just meet. Digits short, feebly compressed ; subdigital lamella smooth, mostly divided, 18 under the fourth toe. Tail thick, tapering to a fine point, a little longer than head and body. Brown above, with a broad black dorso-lateral strips extending from the posterior corner of the eye to the middle of the tail, and separated from its fellow by four and two half scales; each of the four scales between the stripes with a black spot or median streak, these spots and streaks confluent into four interrupted dorsal lines; sides of head and body greyish, speckled and spotted with black; lower parts white, throat and tail speckled with black.
millim Pgtallensthtn toi : arelody lam biecisse 127 15 (7s Oe, Seen te Reno Ree 12 Widthvotshesdn ttn ctr oeery seo sees tore 8 a Se Sa A ie aby oe ei ae ge 45 Poraslim beak Cre eet ee 12 ind shim beep ce. esheets kia 20 ANNU eae A Shh eee ne Ree me ed 70
A single specimen.
Lygosoma Stanleyanum. (Pl. I. fig. 2.)
Section Liolepisma. Body moderately elongate, limbs moderate ; the distance between the end of the snout and the fore limb contained once and a half in the distance between axilla and groin. Snout short, obtuse. Lower eyelid with an undivided transparent disk. No supranasal ; frontonasal much broader than long, forming a suture with the rostral and with the frontal; latter a little longer than the single frontoparietal, in contact with the first and second supra- oculars; four supraoculars; eight supraciliaries; parietals forming a suture behind the interparietal; three pairs of nuchals; fifth upper labial entering the orbit. Har-opening oval, smaller than the eye-opening; no auricular lobules.
8 Mr?G. A. Boulenger on new
32 smooth scales round the body, the two vertebral series largest, at least twice as broad as long. A pair of large preanals, The hind limb reaches the elbow of the adpressed fore limb. Digits moderate, feebly compressed ; subdigital lamellz smooth, 25 under the fourth toe. Tail once and a half as long as head and body. Dark brown above, with a broad lateral band formed by the crowding of black spots ; this band light-edged above on the head and anterior part of body; flanks greenish white, dotted with black ; lower parts greenish white.
millim,
Total length . o.%'<.s < «is.< 0th ea elem aie 150
1; Aa AR Sct Re 11 Width of Head): < 3.¢ fic teense atte ere tS BOY isi wae c vied. och bed giokew artteta ote eats 49 Horeiimb etc. sacks oie said ier Res eve 18 ‘Elind limb i272), Sue vadineia ee ieee 26 TAM rave hayes sakes tote ecetese si Nea siaisousVeuste Bata 90
A single specimen.
Lygosoma elegans. (PI. I. fig. 3.)
Section Lolepisma. Habit lacertiform; the distance between the end of the snout and the fore limb contained once and one fourth in the distance between axilla and groin. Snout moderate, pointed. Lower eyelid with an undivided transparent disk. No supranasal; frontonasal broader than long, forming a suture with the rostral and with the frontal ; latter as long as frontoparietals and interparietal together, in contact with the first and second supraoculars ; four supra- oculars, first and fourth longest; eight supraciliaries ; fronto- parietals and interparietal distinct, subequal ; parietals forming a suture behind the interparietal; three pairs of nuchals ; fifth upper labial entering the orbit. Ear-opening roundish, smaller than the eye-opening, without distinct lobules. 30 smooth scales round the body, the two vertebral series largest, at least twice as broad as Jong. A pair of large preanals, ‘The hind limb reaches the elbow of the adpressed fore limb, Digits slender, feebly compressed ; subdigital lamellae smooth, 23 under the fourth toe. Tail once and two fifths as long as head and body. Pale greenish brown above, with deep black blotches, the largest forming two series along the back; lower parts greenish white; digits dark brown beneath, palm and sole bright yellow.
Lizards and Frogs from New Guinea. 9
millim
Total Tength ......0sccssecssccsoucee 138 13 GO are co: SAO Onoda er oo Cor Go err 13 NIG Oe Heme Ge. cua on Peeteterii.b so s.0 8 180 aie At een ~ Cibo Ge a ie 45 lion; Trl) Baran SAS so Ane Ai ne Aenea 20 Ebindglimiby: «<meta ao eto ates Ce aetas: s 27
BM tee ora PEPE slot 0 2/20 els. a. aiavaic 80
A single specimen.
Lygosoma curtum.
Section Liolepisma. Body short and stout; limbs rather feeble, with four fingers and five toes; the distance between the end of the snout and the fore limb contained once and two fifths to once and a half in the distance between axilla and groin. Snout very short, obtuse. Lower eyelid with a moderately large transparent disk, which is but little larger than the ear-opening. No supranasal; frontonasal nearly twice as broad as long, forming a broad suture with the rostral and a narrow one with the frontal ; latter as long as or a little shorter than the single frontoparietal, in contact with the first and second supraoculars ; eight supraciliaries ; interparietal distinct; parietals forming a median suture; a pair of nuchals and a pair of temporals border the parietals : three upper labials anterior to the subocular. Ear-opening rather small, roundish, with a single projecting lobule on its anterior border. 26 scales round the body, all smooth, or dorsals with three feeble grooves. Preanals not enlarged. ‘The hind limb reaches the wrist of the adpressed fore limb. Digits short ; subdigital lamellae smooth, 23 to 25 under the fourth toe. ‘Tail little longer than head and body. Dark brown above, uniform or with small lighter spots; yellowish _ or greenish white beneath.
millim otal lengli acter sas Salado Gs ee 6 Xe 82 817) De es Oe ata i ii ae rete S .e) Wadtntor Hosde se cee ard hci ncks os che 6 13 aN Apis Be Rabe dee: 5 eileen chee ce 28 Hore kistlies, AM AD cts c ie helewars vet 10 12 Ghats sus] pl eg Peay Wares baked Meera eae 14 MIN cet abbas cick. sietds wna: tins shee ae 45
Four specimens.
Lygosoma iridescens. (Pl. I. fig. 4.)
Section Emoa. Habit lacertiform; the distance between the end of the snout and the-fore limb contained once and one fourth
10 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new
in the distance between axilla and groin. Snout moderate, pointed. Lower eyelid with an undivided transparent disk. Nostril pierced between three small shields—a nasal, a post- nasal, andasupranasal; frontonasal broader than long, narrowly in contact with the rostral and with the frontal; latter shorter than the single frontoparietal, in contact with the first and second supraoculars ; foursupraoculars ; eight supra- ciliaries ; interparietal fused with the frontoparietal, behind which the parictals form a suture; a pair of nuchals and a pair of temporals border the parietals; five labials anterior to the large subocular. Ear-opening oval, about as large as the transparent palpebral disk, with one or two very short obtuse lobules anteriorly. 26 smooth scales round the body, dorsals largest. No enlarged preanals. The hind limb reaches the axilla. Digits moderately elongate, flattened, except at the end, which is subcylindrical; subdigital lamelle very fine, smooth, 65 under the fourth toe. Greenish bronzy above, strongly iridescent, with small black spots; sides darker brown, with black and yellow dots; dorsal scales with dark brown striew; lower parts pale metallic green, palm and sole bright yellow.
millim From snout to vent....eccss-:- sates 50 1s (-\.1s Se ee arya gees eee ll Width of head’, o:.pe ed ncurses 7 Hore limb? s.. nae fe oeeint eee 18 Hind dimb' . 7. 2 eee ee 22
A single specimen.
Sphenophryne Anthonyt. (Pl. LI. fig. 1.)
Tongue large, oval, entire. Snout short, rounded, with distinct canthus and concave loreal region; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, hardly half the diameter of the eye. ‘Tips of fingers dilated into very large disks, which are subtriangular and broader than long; first finger shorter than second ; toes with a rudiment of web, the disks much smaller than those of the fingers; no subarticular or metatarsal tubercles. The tibio-tarsal articu- lation reaches the shoulder or the tympanum. Skin smooth, areolate on the throat and belly ; a fine raised vertebral line sometimes present, as well as a pair of lines converging back- wards on the back, just behind the head. Coloration very variable. Grey, brown, or reddish above, speckled or spotted with black, or with large light blotches ; a fine light vertebral line sometimes present; thighs and lower parts brown,
. f j
Lizards and Frogs from New Guinea. 11
uniform or spotted with yellow, or yellowish marbled and reticulate with dark brown. Male without vocal sacs, with a light line along the chin and throat.
From snout to vent 45 millim.
Several specimens.
LIOPHRYNE, g. n. Engystomatidarum.
Pupil horizontal. Tongue large, oblong, extensively free and nicked behind. ‘Two oblique series of vomerine teeth behind the level of the choane. Two dermal transverse ridges in front of the cesophagus, the second strongly deaticu- late. Tympanum distinct. Fingers and toes free, the tips slightly swollen. Outer metatarsals bound together. Pre- coracoid present, ossified, very slender; no omosternum, sternum cartilaginous, small. Diapophyses of sacral vertebra moderately dilated.
Liophryne rhododactyla, (Pl. II. fig. 2.)
Head much broader than long; snout shorter than the orbit, rounded, with obtuse canthus and concave loreal region ; nostril a little nearer the tip of the snout than the eye; interorbital space a little broader than the upper eyelid; tym- panum two thirds or three fourths the diameter of the eye. Fingers and toes rather elongate, depressed; first finger shorter than second ; subarticular tubercles feebly prominent ; a very indistinct inner metatarsal tubercle. The tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the eye. Skin smooth. Dark purplish brown, finely powdered with crimson above, spotted with yellowish beneath ; a very indistinct fine light vertebral line ; a crimson spot above the vent; fingers and toes crimson above.
From snout to vent 60 millim.
Three specimens.
Liophryne brevipes.
Closely allied to the preceding, but differing in the much shorter limbs with shorter digits, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaching only the shoulder. A pair of curved dermal folds from the posterior border of the head to between the shoulders. Grey-brown above, pinkish on the sides of the back ; sides of head dark brown; belly greyish, marbled with brown, with a fine light median line; throat vinaceous red.
From snout to vent 22 millim.
A single specimen.
12 On new Lizards and Frogs from New Guinea.
MANTOPHRYNE, g. n. Engystomatidarum.
Pupil horizontal. Tongue large, oval, entire, grooved along the middle, free only at the sides and slightly behind. Palate toothless. Two dermal transverse ridges in front of the cesophagus, the second strongly denticulate. Tympanum distinct. Fingers and toes free, the tips feebly dilated. Outer metatarsals bound together. No precoracoids; no omosternum ; sternum cartilaginous, small. Diapophyses of sacral vertebra feebly dilated.
This genus is near to Xenorhina, Peters, but differs in the large eye and ranoid habit.
Mantophryne lateralis. (Pl. IL. fig. 3.)
Head subtriangular, a little broader than long; snout obtusely pointed, shorter than the diameter of the orbit; canthus rostralis distinct ; loreal region nearly vertical, con- cave; nostril nearer the tip of the snout than the eye; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum as large as the eye. Fingers and toes rather elongate, cylin- drical, slender, with small terminal disks and strong subarti- cular tubercles; first finger shorter than second; a feeble oval inner metatarsal tubercle. The tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the eye. Skin smooth; a fine fold along the verte- bral line, and sometimes several others along the back ; chin with a pair of more or less distinct small warts. Grey or brown above, with small blackish spots and a broad black stripe on each side of the back from the eye to the groin; a dark blotch below the eye; a black stripe on the hinder side of the thighs; brownish beneath, dotted and spotted with blackish. Male without vocal sac.
From snout to vent 43 millim.,
Several specimens.
Nyctimantis papua. (PI. I. fig. 5.)
Tongue circular, nicked and slightly free behind. Vomerine teeth in two short transverse or slightly oblique series between the large choanee. Head moderate, the skin free from the skull; snout rounded, shorter than the diameter of the orbit, with strong canthus and concave loreal region ; interorbital space as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, one third to two fifths the diameter of the eye. Fingers much de- pressed, webbed at the base, disks larger than the tympanum. Toes webbed to the disks of the third and fifth and to the penultimate phalanx of the fourth ; a very small inner meta-
1 oo
li | édietys| Gey
Mr. H. H. Druce on new Species of Lycenide. 13
tarsal tubercle; subarticular tubercles moderate. The tibio- tarsal articulation reaches the tip of the snout or a little beyond. Skin smooth or with small warts above, granular beneath ; a strong curved fold above the tympanum; heel sometimes with a small conical tubercle. Grey, olive, or reddish brown above, uniform or marbled with darker or with large insuliform spots; a light line may run along the eanthus rostralis and supraciliary edge ; dirty white or brown beneath. Male with an external subgular vocal sac.
From snout to vent 66 millim.
Several specimens.
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PrateE LI.
Fig. 1. Lygosoma nigrolineatum. Fig. 2. Iygosoma Stanleyanum. Fg. 3. Lygosoma elegans.
Fig. 4. Lygosoma iridescens. Fig. 5. Nyctimantis papua.
Fig. 5a, Ditto, Open mouth.
Puate II.
Fig. 1. Sphenophryne Anthonyt. Fig. 2. Liophryne rhododactyla. Fig. 2a. Ditto. Palate.
Fig. 26. Ditto. Tongue.
ig. 3. Mantophryne lateralis.
Il].—Descriptions of Four new Species of Lycenide from the Eastern Archipelago. By Hamitton H. Druce, F.Z.8., F.E.S.
_ Thysonotis lampros, sp. n.
3. Upperside allied to 7. philostratus, Feld., which it resembles in colour, but the fore wing is entirely without the white discal band, and has a somewhat wider black outer margin, which is less distinctly defined on its inner edge. The hind wing differs from that of 7. philostratus by the blue area being rather more extensive. ‘The cilia of both wings (which in 7. philostratus are black) are white, those of the hind wing slightly marked with black at the termination of the nervules. ‘I'he underside differs from that species by the white band being usually narrower, and in the hind wing always straighter, not so curved in towards the base of the wing where it reaches the abdominal margin. The
14 Mr. H. H. Druce on new Species of Lycenide.
bluish-green costal streak of the fore wing reaches closer to the apex before it rounds off along the outer margin, conse- quently the apex is less broadly black than in T. philostratus. The blue submarginal band on the hind wing is wider and its central black spots are more elongate. Cilia of both wings as above. Thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings. 7
9. Upperside almost entirely blackish brown, with but a faint indication of a narrow pale band, which ends in a small creamy white patch on the abdominal margin, close to the base, after it crosses the submedian nervure. Cilia as in male. On the underside it differs from the male by the white band being narrower, and consequently the black areas being more extensive, and by the submarginal blue band of the hind wing being wider and containing still more elongate deep black spots. Some specimens have on the fore wing, between the blue band and the outer margin, a narrow whitish band from near the apex to the outer angle interrupted by the brown nervules.
Expanse, d 14-2} inches; 2 1,’ to 21 inches.
Hab. Kiriwini, Trobriand Is., March to May (A. S. Meek).
Types Mus. Druce.
At first I thouglit that this species might be nearest to T. regina, Kirby, from Normanby I., but on examining the type of that species I find that it is allied in coloration to TJ. apollonius, Feld., which is entirely different from T. philostratus.
T. lampros is the only species of this group which has entirely lost the white band on the fore wing above, and the female is much duller than any other described. Mr. Meek obtained many specimens, which scarcely vary except in size.
PuHILiRIS, Rober.
Herr Rober has made F'elder’s Thecla tlias from Amboyna the type of his genus.
It may perhaps be found convenient to retain Hiibner’s name Candalides (the first name mentioned under this head- ing being xanthospilos, Hiibn. from Australia) for some species of this group, as I find that the 3rd subcostal nervule varies considerably in length.
Of the species described here, P. theleos has this nervule comparatively long as in P. dias, whilst P. speirion and P. mneia have it comparatively short as in P. philotus.
Holochila absimilis, Feld., and its allies have it compara- tively long, but the name Holochila cannot be used, as it is preoccupied.
a
Mr. H. H. Druce on new Species of Lycenide. 15
Philiris theleos, sp. n.
3. Upperside closely allied to P. dias, Feld. Blue colour rather darker and more glistening; apex and outer margin of fore wing distinctly broader, black-bordered. Outer margin of hind wing, which in P. das is almost linear, distinctly and evenly black-bordered as in fore wing. Cilia whitish, with black at the ends of the nervules, but less conspicuous than in P. ilias. Underside differs from P. dlias by being a pale brownish white in place of pure white. Antenne black with white spots. Abdomen black above, pale below.
Expanse 1,3, inch.
Hab. Amboyna, February (Doherty).
Type Mus. Druce.
This species has the outer margin of the fore wing nearly straight as in P. ilias.
Philiris spetrion, sp. n.
3. Allied to P. philotus, Feld.: upperside a much brighter and bluer shade of purple, with the black borders to both wings rather more than twice as broad, and the white cilia more conspicuous and less distinctly spotted with black at the terminations of the nervules. Underside as in P. philotus.
@. Upperside: both wings pale shining cerulean blue, much the colour of P. philotus, 2, but more brilliant, with broad blackish-brown margins. Cilia grey. Underside as male, but paler.
Expanse, ¢ 2 12 inch.
Hab. Fergusson I., September to December (A. S. Meek).
Types Mus. Druce.
Mr. Meek obtained many specimens which do not appear to vary.
It seems to be a very distinct form, and the female is, I believe, the first one of this genus described which has the conspicuous blue area of almost equal extent in both wings.
This insect, together with the next described, has the outer margin of the fore wing in the male distinctly convex, as in P. philotus. There appears to be a patch of darkened scales in the cell of the fore wing in P. philotus, but I can find no trace of this in P. spetrion.
Philiris mneia, sp. n. gd. Upperside uniform dark purplish brown ; cilia greyish. Underside differs only from P. philotus by being of a more reddish-brown shade and by the unmarked cilia. 2. Upperside dull deep brownish black ; cilia of fore wing brownish, of hind wing white, with black spots at the termi-
16 Mr. C. H. T. Townsend on Diptera :
nations of the nervules. Underside paler than male, with the cilia of the fore wing black, of hind wing white, with large black spots at the termination of the nervules, and with an anteciliary black line.
Expanse, ¢ 12 inch; ¢& 13-12 inch.
Hab. Batchian, March (W. Doherty).
Some female specimens havea few blue scales dusted on the disc of the fore wing above.
This species has long been in collections, but I have nowhere seen it described.
IVY.—Contributions from the New Mexico Biological Station. —No. 2. Ona Collection of Diptera from the Lowlands of the Rio Nautla, in the State of Vera Cruz. I. By C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, F.E.S.
THE following Diptera were all collected by the writer, in March, April, June, and July, at San Rafael and Paso de Telaya, on the Rio Nautla, about a mile below and above Jicaltepec, but on the opposite or north side of the river. Paso de Telaya is but two miles from San Rafael, and really forms a part of that settlement. This locality is about four or five miles inland from the coast, and about 30 or 40 feet above sea-level.
Many of the Diptera in this collection were taken, from June 26 to July 19, at San Rafael, on flowers of two closely approximated patches of a shrub known by the native name ot barra negra. It has been determined by Dr. J. N. Rose as Cordia sp., probably C. ferruginea. Although the flowers of this shrub are small, whitish, and inconspicuous, they were visited by many flies, bees, and other insects. They were about the only flowers in the vicinity from the last of June through July.
A word may be said about the seasons w hich prevailed during the period of my collecting. ‘There were occasional northers, accompanied by rain, through March and April. No rain fell through May, and not until about June 14, it thus having become very dry, when there came a good rain which lasted two days. After this no more rain fell till July 12, when it rained hard, and continued to rain, some in nearly every twenty-four hours, up to July 20, when I left.
The Lower Rio Nautla region possesses many temperate forms of insects, and therefore comes well within the limits of the Zamaulipan fauna. Probably its temperate forms fall short of 25 per cent. of the whole fauna. It is of course,
from the Rio Nautla, State of Vera Cruz. 17
from its great preponderance of tropical forms, to be classed with the Neotropical region proper. The student is referred, for further information on the Tamaulipan fauna and the biogeography of the Mexican region, to a paper published by the writer in the ‘Transactions of the Texas Academy of Science,’ vol. i. pp. 71-96.
The fauna bears some resemblance to that of the Lower Rio Grande region; but the Diptera do not show the resemblance so much as do the Coleoptera and Hemiptera. A considerable number of familiar forms among the more striking species of the two orders last named were collected, which I recognized as having previously taken in the palmetto hammocks near Brownsville, Texas. But these largely represent the tropical or subtropical element of these faunas in the Lower Rio Grande region.
On the whole the Lower Rio Nautla fauna is decidedly tropical in its aspects, especially as regards the Diptera.
The Cordia above mentioned was noticed growing, and in flower, July 20 and 21, in places on the road that leads from San Rafael (or Jicaltepec) to Perote, as far up as a point about halfway, or more, between ‘Tlapacoyan and Jalacingo. It was particularly noticed above Tlapacoyan, and up to an altitude, I should say, of 4000 feet or over. In the lowlands it did not seem to me to be so abundant as above Tlapacoyan, but rather of occasional occurrence. It is well to note that
t was an extremely good fly-plant.
It may be added that vanilla, coffee, rubber, &c. do well on the Lower Rio Nautla. It is an especially good vanilla country from there north to the Papantla district.
Chironomide. 1. Gicacta furens, Poey.
Numerous specimens, Nautla, March 5. This species ranges up and down the Mexican Gulf coast from Tamaulipas to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, and ex- tends some short distance inland. I have already recorded it from both the north and the south coasts of Jamaica (Journ. Inst. Jamaica, i. p. 381), which was the first record of its occurrence outside of Cuba, where it was originally discovered and described by Poey. I have observed it on car windows in the State of Tamaulipas, near Victoria, in October, it having perhaps been brought thus from Tampico; and I have also noticed it at the mouth of the Coatzacoalcos river. Dry pinned specimens show the wings to be strongly iri- descent in certain lights, the dark and the white spots alike,
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xix. 2
18 Mr. C. H. T. Townsend on Diptera
as well as the veins and whole wing - surface, especially noticeable being various rich shades of blue and violet. Poey remarks at some length on this ‘peculiarity (Mem. Hist. Nat. Cuba, i. p. 240: Havana, 1851). When the wing is held up to the light and looked through, the dark spots appear faint, excepting only the elongate rectangular black stigma; this can be seen with the naked eye.
Stratiomyidea. 2. Sargus, sp.
One specimen, June 19, San Rafael. Taken from an attid spider which had captured it.
Length 10 millim.
Kyes not contiguous. Front deep metallic green on posterior two-thirds, pale yellowish on anterior third. Thorax and scutellum deep metallic green, with purplish reflection on dorsum. Abdomen black, with hind borders of segments broadly shining violet or purplish. The black of abdomen is soft opaque in some lights, and shining in others. Wings scarcely tinged with fuscous. Legs pale yellowish, middle femora broadly brownish in middle, hind femora blackish except bases and tips, hind tibiz black on distal half, and hind tarsi blackish except basal half of metatarsi.
Tabanide.
3. Chrysops costatus, Fabr.
One female, March 16, San Rafael.
Length 73 millim., not including antenne.
‘The eyes in life are green, with brown-black markings. There are four brown-black, rather quadrangular spots on anterior portion of eye, arranged in the shape of a diamond, with the long axis vertical. The posterior spot of the four is longitudinally elongate, occupies very nearly the centre of the eye, and is bisected by a vertical brown-black linear stripe extending from the upper to the lower margin of the eye. The anterior spot is nearly square, while the other two (upper and lower spots) are transversely elongate. In addition to these four spots, there is a vertical bronzed line near posterior edge of eye and parallel with the hind margin, extending from upper to lower border.
Annulate portion of third antennal joint black, the distal
art of basal non-annulate portion tinged with blackish. The non-annulate portion of third joint is rather distinctly
Jrom the Rio Nautla, State of Vera Cruz. 19
constricted, so as to appear like three rings or joints, besides the bulbous base. Frontal callosity not brown on posterior edge, wholly rust-yellow. Outer branch of the two blackish abdominal markings quite obsolete, inner branch reaching anterior margin of fourth segment. Front, face, palpi, and basal joints of antenne all the same colour, which is a rust- ellow. No lateral brown vitte on venter. The broad middle band of wings is not straight on distal border but convex ; the proximal border is concave, but the small and adjoining cross-veins are well within this border. It agrees with the two Jamaican specimens mentioned by me (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxii. p. 56) in having the hyaline portions of the wings the same as there described. Legs all rust- yellow, tips of tarsi brownish.
4. Hadrus lepidotus, Wied.
One female, March 5, on the Estero (a deep inlet from the sea) between San Rafael and Nautla.
Length 8 millim. Others seen but not taken, being difficult to catch.
The eyes in life are red, with green outer border, and two outwardly abbreviated transverse green stripes. The green stripes are bordered and prolonged by a darker red than the ground-colour of the eye. .
Agrees perfectly with Wiedemann’s description, but the clear apical portion of the wing comprises less than one third of the wing’s length, and the whitish border is arcuate, the black being convex on distal border. Anal and fourth and fifth (last two) posterior cells, also axillary portion of wing aud alula, hyaline—except that there is a subdetached piece of brown, left by two of the white drop-like spots, in the base of the fourth and fifth posterior cells, and the brown extends into the outer edge of the fourth posterior cell on its apical half, ending on the inner margin of wing in a pointed ex- tension, which occupies about the basal half of second and third posterior cells. On base of wing the black stops short of inner margin of second basal cell. ‘The white drop-like spots are arranged as follows: one on junction of veins at base of second posterior cell, one on small cross-vein, one in extreme base of first basal cell, one each in first and second basal cells before apex and opposite to each other, and two on cross-veins at base of fourth and fifth posterior cells. Scutellum with a coppery-purplish tinge. Middle and hind tarsi white except blackish tips, front tarsi whitish on little more than basal joint (metatarsus). m
20 Mr. C. H. T. Townsend on Diptera
Syrphide.
5. Nausigaster meridionalis, sp. n.
One female, July 16, San Rafael. On flowers of the Cordia sp.
This specimen seems to agree with those mentioned by Williston from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Syn. p. 22) and Chapada in Brazil (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xv. p. 259), rather than with N. punctulata, Will. Dr. Williston remarks, in the Biol. Centr.-Amer., Dipt. (vol. i. p. 6), that he believes these specimens to be distinct from the more northern N. punctulata, an opinion in which I concur. The species, as represented by my specimen, differs as follows from Williston’s description of NV. punctulata :—
?. Length 8 millim.
There are four indistinct stripes to be seen on mesoscutum, more shining and greenish than the rest of surface, but they are very hard to distinguish. Cheeks and lower part of face rather reddish brown, the antennz being of a lighter shade of same colour. The marking of the wings, which is the principal distinguishing character, is as follows :—The black is all coalesced into one marking, and is more extensive than in any of the specimens mentioned by Williston. Beginning in the third costal cell, at end of auxiliary vein, it widens in passing through the marginal cell, fills out all of the submarginal cell except the apex, and terminates dis- tally by broadly filling the apex of marginal cell, Proximally it continues broadly inward across small cross-vein, following the spurious vein to its end, into base of discal cell, less broadly in base of the last posterior cell, and thence filling out nearly all of second basal cell. It spreads narrowly into first posterior cell on its front border. There is also a narrow streak of black on anterior edge of first basal cell in middle, being in front of spurious vein. Legs reddish brown, with black on base of front femora and on other femora except tips.
6. Baccha pheoptera, Sch.
One female, March 30, Paso de Telaya.
Length 13 millim.
It possesses the median linear vitta of mesoscutum in the black between the two pairs of vittee mentioned by Schiner. The lateral borders of mesoscutum are broadly yellow. A transversely elongate brown spot on sides of thorax below and pesterior to humeri. Schiner seems to mistake the first two abdominal segments for one, speaking of them as the first,
a
' 4 %
‘
From the Rio Nautla, State of Vera Cruz. 21
calling the third the second, &c. The first segment is wide, short, lunate in shape, and yellow, with hind border broadly dark brown, the brown not extending the full width of segment. Neither arm of the horseshoe-like yellow lateral marking of third segment reaches hind margin, but the arms are equal. On fourth and fifth segments both arms reach hind margin. Sixth segment shows this marking as a small V on each side. Third, fourth, and fifth segments show the median linear vitta throughout, but this is only very faintly apparent on the elongate and narrowed second segment. ‘he yellow marking called by Schiner “ horseshoe-shaped” is very narrow to be so characterized, and on third segment is rather inverted V-shaped. On third and fourth segments it is open behind, but on fifth its arms join on hind margin of segment on one side in this specimen, while on the other side they are open. The facial tubercle is of good size and prominent. Black ocellar spot not shining, opaque. Hind femora pale reddish on more than basal half, with only faint ring of brown before tips. Wings tinged with fuscous yellowish, appearing deep yellow when held up to the light. In Schiner’s specimens the wings were doubtless darker. I give these detailed comments on Schiner’s description, so as to assist in the determination of the species in the future.
7. Ocyptamus fuscipennis, Say.
Three female specimens, March 2 and 23, San Rafael ; and April 7, Paso de Telaya.
Length about 8 millim.
The white of face does not extend on sides of front. Face hardly yellowish in one specimen. All the tarsi reddish yellow in two specimens, and only hind tarsi faintly tinged with brownish in the other. Black of wings not at all diluted in anal, last posterior, and discal cells in one speci- men, and but very slightly in tie other two.
8. Volucella obesa, Fabr.
One male, July 18, San Rafael. On flowers of the Cordia sp.
9, Eristalis ornatus, sp. 0.
Two males, July 10, San Rafael. On flowers of the Cordia sp.
g. Length 103 to 11 millim.
Near to #. ochraceus, from Williston’s description of which (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xv. p. 279) it differs as follows :—There
22 Mr. C. H. T. Townsend on Diptera
is more or less black piie mixed with the yellow on frontal triangle. First abdominal segment silvery whitish in middle. Linear brown stripe of second and third segments almost obsolete. There is hardly any dark anterior margin perceptible on second segment. ‘The third and fourth seg- ments are the same colour as the second, but they each have an entire shining cross-band which the second lacks. Fifth segment black. Legs rather deep reddish yellow, with proximal half of middle and front tibizee yellowish white. Hind femora narrowly and faintly brownish on distal ends above. ‘Tarsi wholly reddish yellow, distal half of foot- claws black. Wings pure hyaline, except a small well-defined * subquadrate dark brown or blackish spot at end of auxiliary vein, between latter and first vein. Wing-veins pale yel- lowish. Tegule light buff-yellow, with a fine long yellow silken fringe on border; alulets faintly fuscous, with a ciliate black fringe.
10. Meromacrus crucigerus, Wied.
Seven males and five females, San Rafael. A small female, March 16; the others July 1 to 18, on flowers of the Cordia sp.
Length 113 to 15 millim.
The ground-colour of the small female taken in March is black, except two reddish oval lateral spots on second seg- ment anteriorly. In this specimen also the facial stripe and frontal vitta are more or less blackish. All the others belong to the form mentioned by Williston in the Biol. Centr.-Amer., Dipt., from Sonora and Teapa. The ground-colour of abdomen is reddish brown, hind femora blackish or brown except at distal end. Two of the females (July 9 and 18) have the posterior segments of abdomen a little darker, and all of the four females taken in July have the frontal vitta blackish only on posterior two-thirds, They all, however, as well as the males, have the facial stripe reddish. Frontal triangle in the males, and anterior one third of frontal vitta in the females, reddish. In all the males except one the pile on sides of frontal triangle is whitish instead of yellow, Pile of sides of front and face in female very deep yellow, like the pile of thoracic and abdominal markings. These latter markings agree perfectly with Williston’s description (Syn. p. 180). Middle of first abdominal segment, and narrow concave front border of second, opaque black. A more or less distinct blackish tinge to other segments, leaving a pair of large reddish lateral lunate triangles on second segment.
ae ee
from the Rio Nautla, State of Vera Cruz. 23
Conopide.
STYLOGASTER.
Fifty-one specimens of this interesting genus were taken hovering over the front ranks of a moving army of ants, in a cafetal at Paso de Telaya, during the last hour or two of daylight on March 29. In company with them were nume- rous specimens of Hyalomyta and some other small tachinids. The ants have been determined by Mr. Theo. Pergande as Eciton Foreli, Mayr. Mr. Pergande adds that they are the most northerly form of that species, which is a widely dis- tributed one in the American tropics. The column of ants was about 15 feet wide and 25 feet long, and moved slowly but surely in a straight line through the cafetal, swarming rapidly over the thick covering of dead leaves, branches, and other obstructions that strewed the ground under the coffee- trees. The specimens of Stylogaster hovered continually over the ants, now and again darting at them, without doubt for the purpose of ovipositing in their bodies. During the whole three months of my collecting in this locality, Ll saw not a single specimen of Styloguster at any other time; but on this occasion, during the short time that I had before dark overtook me, I succeeded in capturing fifty-one specimens, by sweeping closely with the net over the front ranks of the ants. These fifty-one specimens belong, strange to say, to three new species, all distinct from biannulata, Say, and neglecta, Will., the only species hitherto known from America. The genus has never before been recorded from Mexico or Central America. No specimens were contained in the Biol. Centr.-Amer. collections, as evidenced by the genus not being mentioned by Dr. Williston in his treatment of the Conopide.
Williston has stated (Trans. Conn. Acad. 1885, p. 389) that this genus, “it is thought, may be parasitic upon termites.” However this may be, I believe that my obser- vations, as above detailed, leave no doubt that the three species described below are parasitic upon ants of the genus Eiciton, in the State of Vera Cruz.
Such a series of specimens as the present could not fail to throw some light on the confusion existing with regard to the described species, and especially to the specimens described by Wiedemann, although I think that Dr. Wil- liston has presented the latter question in its true light in his most recent paper on Stylogaster (Kans. Univ. Quart. 1. pp. 120-122). I believe there is no doubt that Wiedemann had two, and perhaps three species before him, one of these
24 Mr. C. H. T. Townsend on Diptera
being neglecta, Will. It is equally certain that Fabricius’s name stylata must be dropped tor the present, from the utter uncertainty as to what his species was, since the relative length of the antennal joints is not mentioned in his deserip- tion, and the antenne are apparently absent in the type, while it is known that the abdomen is wanting. Thus it would be futile for me to attempt to define it in the synoptic table of species given below. It is barely possible that an examination of the type, though so badly mutilated, might . place it, providing it could be found. Judging from t Fabricius’s description, I believe it possible that his species i stylata may be distinct from any described, including those in this paper.
In the light of my material, I am inclined to think that the male specimen described by Dr. Williston as biannulata, Say (Trans. Conn. Acad. 1883, p. 7), is distinct from that species, as the descriptions differ on the colouring of the front in a way that can hardly be mistaken, especially since
the fifty-one specimens of my three species show absolutely no variation in this regard.
Synoptic table of the American species of Stylogaster so far known.
1, Second antennal joint short, about as long as broad,
third joint strongly elongate ................ neglecta, Will. Second joint elongate, nearly or quite as long as the third 2
2. Mesoscutum with the lateral borders broadly pale yellow, rarely indistinctly so; front rufous
yellow anteriotty Yon eccuaey ens woe exten ee 3. Mesoscutum with only the humeri pale yellow, front wholly without yellow anteriorly ............ 4, i
8. Abdomen with a distinct median vitta (rarely sub- obsolete), widened into a triangle on base of second papment 4 si Teaco cs ieee vee ..... stylosa, sp. n. Abdomen without such vitta .............0000- biannulata, Say. 4. Large species with prevailing colour blackish, hind - tibize and ovipositor conspicuously silvery white before tips, silvery of face extending on sides of anterior half Of front ' 3. «5s oy > ons See om . ethiopa, sp. 0. Small species without white on hind tibis or ovi- positor, and with front wholly blackish or brown to antennal pit ..........00- reir cy. «+. minuta, sp. 0.
11. Stylogaster stylosa, sp. n.
Hight female, and six male specimens.
3 ¢. Length of female nearly 5 to over 6 millim., not in- cluding ovipositor, which is 2} to 3 millim. Length of male 64 to 8 millim.
Very similar to S, diannulata, Say, as shown by Say’s
from the Rio Nautla, State of Vera Cruz. 25
description, but differing in the very constant character of the median abdominal vitta. Face wholly silvery; the anterior half (or more than one third) of the front rufous yellow, with the silvery of face extending narrowly on sides of this yellow portion and ending ina point on each side. Rest of front soft opaque black, except the shining black ocellar area. First antennal joint light yellow, as is base of second; rest of antenne rufous, the third joint being more or less tinged with fuscous on upper edge and tip; arista blackish. Second antennal joint in all the specimens fully as long as third, or even sometimes appearing very slightly longer; base of third joint about same width as apex of second. Proboscis of ordinary length for the genus, each of the two joints about 3 millim. long, broadly whitish on tip, yellowish at base, with more or less of a silvery-white reflection. Mesoscutum blackish, with humeri and_ broad lateral borders yellow (in one specimen darker at base of wings), the yellow also continuing around hind margin and extending anteriorly in a median pair of short vitte nearly to transverse suture, each vitta terminating in a point, which is connected by a usually distinct line with the yellow of the humeri. ‘The suture is also marked, especially on lateral sections, with a faint yellow line. In fact the thorax might be described as yellow, with three heavy closely approxi- mated black vitte on dorsum; the middle vitta widest, beginning on extreme front border of thorax and ending in a point (sometimes faint) at scutellum; the lateral vitte strongly abbreviated in front, their outer borders convex, and ending rather pointedly behind at scutellum. Sides of thorax silvery pollinose, with a faint or nearly obsolete touch of brownish below and a little before wing-bases, the brownish with shining surface. Scutellum pale yellowish, brownish on disk. Abdomen yellowish; first segment more or less brownish on dorsum, sometimes as a posterior margin, some- times as a geminate marking indented on middle in front; second to fifth segments brown or blackish on posterior margin, the fourth and fifth sometimes with a dark tinge on anterior portion, and always more or less distinctly silvery- white pollinose on all except the brown hind border; a distinct (in one female only is this indistinct) median brown vitta on second to fifth segments, dilated into a triangle on second segment, the base of the triangle being coincident with front border of segment. Abdomen thinly clothed with short black hairs. Ovipositor of female hardly as long as abdomen, composed of two segments: first segment usually longer than second including the appendages of latter, with more or less brown or blackish on dorsum ; second segment
26 Mr. C. H. T. Townsend on Diptera
more uniformly brown or blackish, darkest on dorsum, some- times yellowish on underside. Appendages of ovipositor are — as follows:—The underside of second segment at its tip is extended’ into a long, narrow, sheath-like point, considerably shorter than segment itself; an elongate, spatulate, but sub- equilateral, palpus-like organ, clothed with black hairs, pro- ceeds from tip of second segment and lies along upper surface of this sheath, being about equal in length with the latter; at base of spatulate organ, and apparently springing from second segment, are two short palpiform organs also clothed with black hairs. These appendages are all more or less yellowish or rufous. In some specimens the sheath seems to be split obliquely lengthwise on each side, forming three pieces, and the side pieces, which are rather slender, are sometimes hard to distinguish on account of their lying closely against sides of spatulate organ; in such cases the sheath-like point of ovipositor seems very short, not nearly the length of the spatulate organ. Front and middle legs light yellow, the tarsi more or less blackish except meta- tarsi; hind legs as described for béannulata, the hind femora (as in all species known to me) biannulate with blackish ; hind tibiz with a narrow, rarely faintly silvery ring on middle, distal two fifths of hind tibiz and all of hind tarsi black. Wings evenly infuscated, halteres fuscous except the yellowish stalks. Abdomen of male widened and blunt at end, with six visible segments, the sixth blackish on sides; a tuft of yellow hair on underside of abdomen at tip. Hind femora of male with the brush-like black hairs on underside at base; hind tibiew only slightly bent, sometimes hardly perceptibly so. Hind tibie swollen on distal half in both sexes, more so in the male.
Wiedemann seems to have had this species before him when he wrote his description of S. stylata, Fabr., for he describes exactly the median longitudinal vitta of abdomen with its triangular expansion on second segment, stating that some specimens possessed this.
12. Stylogaster ethiopa, sp. n.
Twenty female specimens, none of the other sex whatever.
2. Length 7 to 8 millim., without ovipositor; latter 4 to 42 millim.
Face yellowish, silvery pollinose; silvery extending on sides of front and ending in a point on each side before reaching occipital margin; rest of front opaque blackish, except the large, triangular, shining, black, ocellar area, Antenne blackish, reddish on underside of third joint,
from the Rio Nautla, State of Vera Cruz. 27
Proboscis quite strongly elongate, very distinctly more than in S. stylosa, each of the two sections being 5 millim. long in the largest specimens, making whole length 10 millim., not in- cluding the base; each section 4 millim, in small specimens. Proboscis white at tip, yellowish at base. Thorax black above, except the pale whitish humeri; on sides whitish, with a broad fascia of black extending from dorsum, between humeri and base of wings, down to base of middle coxa. Scutellum black, faintly pale yellowish on lower edge. Abdomen black, a half-round whitish-yellow spot on each side at base of segments two to five. These spots are clothed more or less with whitish pile, especially on their anterior portions, and are largest on the third and fourth segments, but occupy less than half the length of the segment. Ovi- positor elongate, somewhat longer than abdomen, composed of two segments ; basal segment about one third longer than terminal, black, with base yellow; second segment black, yellowish at base and clothed with white hair on its basal half, thus giving the ovipositor its conspicuous silvery-white ring before tip. Appendages of second segment of ovipositor same as in &., stylosa, except that the under sheath-like extension is short and rather more blunt at tip, being only one half or one third the length of spatulate organ, and the parts are blacker. The spatulate organ and the two palpi- form organs at its base are rather thickly clothed with longer black hairs, the former from a side view looking like a feathery or short-plumose arista. [Front and middle legs pale yellow, finely short black-hairy, the coxe whitish and mostly bare, the bases of femora blackish, those of middle femora more broadly so; tibie whitish and white-hairy except on outer side of proximal two fifths; the tarsi tinged with brownish and thickly clothed with short black hairs ; hind legs black, the coxe shining black and appearing seed- like on posterior surface, the femora broadly pale yellowish at each end and with a whitish or pale yellowish ring in middle ; the tibiae with a broad white ring clothed with white hair just before tips. Wings evenly infuseated; halteres fuscous except the rufous-yellow stalks and bases.
13. Stylogaster minuta, sp. n.
Seven female specimens and ten males.
3 2. Length of female 4 millim., not inciuding ovipositor ; length of latter 2 millim. Length of male 5 to 5} millim.
This species, save for its small size, looks at first sight very much like S. stylosa, but differs from it in the following characters, which are very constant:—Front wholly brown
28 Mr. C. H. T’. Townsend on Diptera
or blackish to base of antenne, the front border of the brown being perfectly concave-semicircular, as limited by the poste- rior edges of the pit or hollow in which antenne are inserted. Each of the two joints of proboscis 2 millim. long; base of proboscis a little more broadly yellowish and with silvery- white reflection. Mesoscutum shining blackish, without lighter lateral border, only hutheri whitish, the black of dorsum extending in a dilute fascia halfway to middle coxe, the rest of sides of thorax being whitish. Scuteillum blackish. Abdomen without median vitta, but blackish or brown, with second and third segments more or less broadly whitish yellow on bases, usually leaving on third segment a median brown triangle and on second segment a triangle with a median geminate or entire spot-like dilatation at anterior angle. Fourth segment more or less yellowish laterally cn base, often in female almost wholly black, quite constantly in male rather broadly yellowish; the fifth segment with less yellowish on base than fourth. Ovipositor of female blackish, yellowish at base; appendages yellowish and with the two palpus-like organs more elongate. Hind femora biannulate with blackish. The pale yellowish of hind legs more or less tinged with brownish, and especially on the tarsi and distal half of tibie, which appear dusky. Tip of male abdomen usually blackish, with the yellowish hair inconspicuous. The brushes of long black hairs on underside of bases of hind femora in male are comparatively better developed than in S. stylosa, and the hind tibize are more distinctly bent.
Tachinidae, sens. lat.
14. Acaulona costata, v. d. Wulp. Acaulona costata, vy. d. Wulp, Biol. Centr.-Am., Dipt. ii, p. 4.
T'wo specimens, male and female: the male, April 8, Paso de Telaya; the female, July 12, San Rafael, on flowers of the Cordia sp.
Length of female 5 millim., of male fully 6 millim.
After examining the genitalia of both of my specimens, I believe that v. d. Wulp’s specimens are the female. The front is the same width in both sexes. The male has the claws and pulvilli elongate, about twice as long as in female. The male has the elongate-oblong, somewhat flattened abdo- men characteristic of the males of Zrichopoda. It is not widened in middle, but is of equal width except for the gentle narrowing of last two segments and rounding off of anal segment. It is but slightly narrowed at base. The’ female abdomen is ovate, convex, more narrowed at base, and
— —
from the Rio Nautla, State of Vera Cruz. 29
widened on second segment. The foot-claws and pulvilli in my female are not particularly short, but are as long as last tarsal joint. The colouring of abdomen differs in male by having the brownish triangles of segments more narrowed behind, less spreading, and forming a more distinct median stripe, especially on first segment.
My specimens differ as follows from v. d. Wulp’s descrip- tion :—Antennz somewhat more than half the length of face, third joint hardly twice as long as second. First abdominal segment of female longer than second or third, or even fourth, which latter is longer than either second or third, these two being about equal. Second, third, and fourth segments of male about equal, but little shorter than first, the fifth seg- ment about two thirds length of fourth. (Above are from comparison with the generic characters.) Antenne of male brownish, of female largely fulvous. Markings of thorax pale golden, alike in both sexes. Scutellum fulvous on border. Mesoscutum bordered broadly with golden behind the suture as well as before it. Dark markings of abdomen pale brownish. Fourth abdominal segment in female with the brown fainter than on the other segments. Fourth seg- ment in male mostly brown. Genitalia hardly darker than the fulvous of anal segment. Front femora in female with but very little yellow at base, middle femora rather narrowly and hind femora more broadly yellow. In male front femora are narrowly yellow, but middle and hind femora have basal half to two thirds yellow. The differences in the foot-claws of the two sexes are exactly similar to those in Trichopoda. In the male the claws are elongate, wholly of a pale tawny or brownish yellow, and straight; in the female they are shortened, abruptly curved at end so as to be hook-shaped, and the hook-like tips are abruptly black.
I believe that the two appendages of anal segment, figured and described by van der Wulp, belong to the female genitalia.
15. Trichopoda tegulata, sp. n.
One female, July 1, San Rafael. On flowers of the Cordia sp.
2. Length 8 millim.
This beautiful species is very easily distinguished from any so far described. It is entirely black except as follows :— Face silvery-white pollinose, extending upon sides of front as far as middle. Cheeks and occiput with a cinereous silvery bloom, extending over sides of thorax and coxee. ‘Transverse suture of thorax marked by a deep gold line, widened and spot-like at ends. ‘Two golden vitte of same width as that
30 Mr. C. H. T. Townsend on Diptera
on transverse suture, linear, extend from anterior margin of thorax to transverse suture, are parallel, and divide the black of mesoscutum in front of suture into three portions of exactly equal width. Wings entirely black, except the hind border, which is hyaline. Pulvilli pale yellowish white ; foot- claws pale yellow, with black hooked tips (female). Halteres pale yellowish, more reddish at base. The character from which I have named the species, and which is so striking that it will distinguish it at once, is the colour of the tegule and alulets. The tegule (lower pair of scales) are large and wholly of a deep golden-yellow colour, being very conspicuous against the black of the body and wings, while the alulets (upper pair of scales, appearing like an upper and smaller pair of tegule), which cover the forward portion of the yellow tegule, are pure white on the anterior half and abruptly black on posterior half (the wing being understood to be directed backward in the usual position). Such a beautiful effect in coloration of the tegule and alulets 1 have never before seen in any fly.
Note-—What I have called the alulets (the upper or smaller pair of scales) are not true tegule, but appear so when the wing is flexed or directed backward in its usual position. When the wing is extended strongly forward it is seen that this smaller scale is a part of it, being borne on the extreme base of the inner edge of the wing, proximad of the alula, which in turn is proximad of the axilla (anal or axillary angle) of the wing. It should be known as the alulet, which is the diminutive of alula. I think that this term is deserving of use and should be adopted. Beginning, then, with the axillary angle of the wing, the latter being extended forward to its utmost, and proceeding inward or proximad, we have in order the a@willa, alula, alulet, and tegula. I remark here upon these points of terminology in detail, as no writer seems ever to have paid any attention to the distinctions to be made in the application of the last three of these terms.
Since the above was written Dr. Williston has called attention, in his new synopsis of Diptera just published, to the fact that Osten Sacken has proposed the name “ anti- tegula” for the upper pair of scales. I think “ alulet” is a preferable term, from the fact that it is a short word and has long been in use, notwithstanding that it has been indefinitely applied in some cases.
While on the subject of Zrichopoda, I wish to propose the name 7’. subalipes for the species described by me from Santo Domingo under the name of 7’. sudci/ipes (Journ. N. Y. Ent,
ei,
from the Rio Nautla, State of Vera Cruz. 31
Soc. ii. pp. 78, 79). The latter name is preoccupied by Macquart for a species described by him from Guiana.
16. Cistogaster immaculata, Macq., sens. str.
Cistogaster immaculata, Mac., sens. str., nec Towns. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxii. p. 67.
One male, March 18, San Rafael.
On pages 66-67 of the Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxii. (1895) I gave detailed notes of my own on two forms among the females of what had previously been known as Cistogaster divisa, Lw. I also presented some interesting notes sent me by Mr. Charles Robertson on the separation of the males and possible connexion of the two series of the latter with the two female forms. I am inclined now to adopt this view, and thus consider these two series as distinct species. The re- marks that I made at end of page 67 on the names to be used for the two forms should be corrected. Since writing those remarks I have found that Macquart described the male of the “dimorphic” female, while Loew described the male of the “normal” female. ‘Therefore the species possessing the “ dimorphic ” female will be known as C. ¢mmaculata, Mcq., and that possessing the “normal” female will be known as C. divisa, Lw. Walker’s name occidua will re- main a synonym of the latter.
The present male specimen belongs to C. ¢mmaculata, Mcq., being the male form in which the median longitudinal fuscous stripe of abdomen is wanting, which male should be connected with the “dimorphic” female. Macquart’s descrip- tion leaves no doubt on this point, as he says of the abdomen “une ligne dorsale de reflets d’un blanc jaunatre.” He describes the abdomen as ferruginous, the first segment with a small dorsal triangular black spot, and the third segment with yellowish-white pollinose reflections on each side. My specimen has the median pollinose line and the pollinose surface on each side of third segment golden instead of yellowish white. The fourth segment is tinged with darker and the golden pollinose covering extends over nearly the whole of it. The deep golden yellow of sides of front extends fully halfway down the sides of face. The whole mesoscutum and scutellum are deep golden pollinose, the former with median pair of linear darker vitte in front of transverse suture and an outer heavier vitta on each side not reaching front margin and broadly interrupted by suture.
Length nearly 6 millim.
32 Mr. C. H. T. Townsend on Diptera
17. Penthosia satanica, Bigot.
Penthosia satanica, Bigot, van der Wulp, Tijdschr. v. Ent. xxxv. (1892) pp. 189-190.
One male, July 4, and two females, July 5 and 6. San Rafael, on flowers of the Cordia‘sp.
Length of male 104, of females 114 millim.
The frontal bristles extend well below the antenne, but there is no row of hairs on each side of face except these. The first and second antennal joints are about equal, taken together they are about as long as width of front at vertex ; the third joint is greatly elongated, being four or five times as long as the second, which is not by any means very short. In the male especially the third joint is widened distally and is subtruncate at tip. Arista nearly as long as third antennal joint. Thorax is not “densely pilose,” but whole thorax, abdomen, and legs are well and quite thickly clothed with short hair. The only long macrocheete are on the scutellum. Foot-claws of male long and nearly straight, of female shorter and hooked at tip. The only light colouring on this entire insect is the silvery-white pollinose stripe extending from middle of front on each side down to cheeks. It is interrupted below base of antenne. Even this looks blackish in certain lights. Otherwise the entire insect is black, even to the pulvilli and wings, the latter, however, having a purplish lustre.
18. Saundersia rufopilosa, v. d. W. Saundersia rufopilosa, v. d. W., Biol. Centr.-Am., Dipt, ii. p. 22.
Two male specimens of this beautiful species, San Rafael, March. Heretofore recorded only from Guatemala and Costa Rica.
Length 11-123 millim.
First two antennal joints rufous. Mesoscutum deep golden
ollinose, rather than cinereous. I should certainly call the
frontal bristles strong, not “rather weak.” Pilosity of occiput deep golden yellow. Second and third antennal joints same length. Pilosity of mesoscutum short, black. The three black dorsal spots of abdomen, on median line of second, third, and fourth segments, not coalesced, entire. Bristles on coxe and underside of femora either wholly yellow or wholly black. Alulets golden fulvous, the tegule faintly tinged with fuscous.
from the Rio Nautla, State of Vera Cruz. 33
19. Belvosia bicincta, R. D.
One female, July 16, San Rafael. On flowers of the Cordia sp.
Third antennal joint hardly twice as long as second. Facial ridges not ciliate, with some bristles not extending halfway up.
Length 15 millim.
20. Belvosia bifasciata, Fabr.
One female, June 20, San Rafael.
Third antennal joint three or more times as long as the second. . Facial ridges ciliate, with strong bristles extending up to a point opposite lowest frontal bristles.
Length 114 millim.
I am aware that Dr. Williston has shown that there is great variation in these two forms of Belvosia, and that inter- gradations of all kinds exist. I think it is well, however, to apply the two names and differentiate the forms when they can be separated. When specimens are encountered which cannot be so separated they should be mentioned individually, with details as to their variation from the typical form.
21. Phasiopteryx Bilimeki, B. & B.
One male, March 9, San Rafael.
Length 7 millim.
This specimen seems to be more robust and bristly than van der Wulp’s specimens described in the Biol.-Centr. Am., Dipt. It differs as follows from van der Wulp’s description of Neoptera (Biol. Centr.-Am., Dipt. 11. pp. 165-166) :—The frontal bristles are not hair-like. There is a pair of short decussate vibrisse. The bristles on third and fourth abdo- minal segments can certainly be properly called macrochete. The wings agree well with description, except that the curva- ture of fourth vein does not form a right angle, but is rounded. Apical cross-vein is a little concave. The foot- claws and pulvilli are not short, but rather elongate. Claws black, pulvilli yellow-fuscous.
Van der Wulp’s figures of male wing (Biol. Centr.-Am., Dipt. ii. pl. iv. figs. 11, 11 a) show the third vein altogether too strongly arcuate in 11a, hardly enough so in 11, and, especially in the latter, with a too much narrowed apical cell, to agree with my specimen.
Although the vibrisse are so distinct and the bristles all
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xix. 3
34 Mr, A. D. Michael on
so much stronger than indicated by van der Wulp, there is no doubt that the present specimen is: the same species, as the peculiar wing-characters cannot be mistaken. The generic characterization must be changed somewhat, however, espe- cially as regards the presence of distinct vibrisse.
Dexiide. 22, Huantha dives, Wd. Euantha dives, Wd., vy. d. Wulp, Biol. Centr.-Am., Dipt. ii. p. 249.
Two males, March 6 and 16, San Rafael. They differ from v. d. Wulp’s description only as follows :—
Subtrigonal spot of cheeks brownish, not well defined. Coxe reddish yellow. Tegule pale, with yellowish tinge.
Length 123 millim.
In v. d. Wulp’s synoptic table of Dexiide, in the Biol. Centr.-Am., Dipt., he puts Huantha in section without costal spine on wings. . dives certainly bears a spine on costa just before end of auxiliary vein. He also makes synopsis read for Huantha ‘“ wings unicolorous,” which is evidently a typographical error. I am sorry to find that I inadvertently perpetuated these errors in my synopsis of Dexiide in Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xix. p. 275. The table there given should be corrected in accordance with the above.
V.—The Classification of Oribatide. By A. D. Micwatt, F.L.S.
A PAPER by Dr. A. C. Oudemans has appeared in the Tijdschr. voor Entomologie entitled “ List of Dutch Acari, Latr., first part Oribatei, Dug., with synonymical notes and other remarks.”” It is always a pleasure to acarologists to see a paper by Dr. Oudemans upon the creatures which they study, and more especially so when the paper is written in a language more familiar to most biologists than Dutch is, This paper is chiefly upon the Oribatide, and is, in many respects, very useful; but as it seeks to make numerous changes in the nomenclature of genera, species, anatomical parts, &c., and in classification, I shall probably be expected to answer it. This I will endeavour to do so far as I think the paper requires an answer.
Firstly, I may fairly congratulate Dr. Oudemans on his knowledge of the English language, in which the paper is written.
fini ee
the Classification of Oribatide. 35
Lists of local fauna are very useful, and acarologists will be glad to have one of the Dutch species, which have not been before recorded; although we could scarcely anticipate that they would vary much from those of Germany and England, as the distribution of these minute beings is usually wide; but when, out of 68 species, 25 are inserted thus: “ Oribates sp.,” without a word of description or any figure, and three thus, “Gen.? sp. ?”” also without description or figure, I fear that the value of the list is considerably diminished.
Dr. Oudemans, in the title above quoted, does not state what value he intends his groups to have; but he calls “‘ Acari” what I imagine he considers the order ; the next lower group (which I suppose he considers the family) he names “ Oribatei,” and in his list he calls the next still lower group (which is apparently a subfamily) ‘‘ Phthiracarea.” These termina- tions do not appear quite consonant with modern classifi- cation. I imagine him to give the values stated to his groups because he calls those of equivalent values to his Phthiracarea “ Nothrine” and “ Oribatine.” Why one subfamily should end in “ -ea”’ and the others in “ -inz ” is not stated. Doubtless Dugés, writing in 1834, did call his family “ Oribatei,” raising Latreille’s genus Oribata (or Ori- bates) into a family: but Latreille did not call his group Acari, as in the heading of Dr. Oudemans’s paper; he called it first * Acares”’ and afterwards “‘ Acaridiz,” as correctly stated at p- 58; but there it is said, in reference to “ Acares,” “though this term has a French final syllable it is a pure Latin word ” (the italics are mine), “it is the plural of the Latin Acarus.” This somewhat surprises me; I was under the impression that ‘‘ Acares” was the plural of the French word “ Acare,”’ and that the word, although derived through Latin, was from the Greek word for a Mite daxaps, as used by Aristotle, and was founded upon axapijs, uncuttable.
Dr. Oudemans says that Phthiracarus, Perty, should be substituted for the genus Tritéa, Berlese, because both are founded on a Hoplophora with tridactyle claws and Perty’s is the earlier. I by no means assert that Tritia is a neces- sary genus ; I did not adopt it, and I am strongly of opinion that the distinction of monodactyle and tridactyle claws has almost entirely broken down as a means of differentiating genera in the Oribatide, although it is useful in identifi- cation. I believe that this is now the general opinion; but if Berlese’s genus have any validity it arises from the remarkable fused and elongated genital and anal plates, so exceptional in the Oribatide, and not from the tridactyle
3%
36 Mr. A. D. Michael on
claw. Perty’s species, judging from the drawings made by him and published by Claparéde in 1868, had the ordinary genital and anal plates of Hoplophora, and no specimen of the Hoplophorine has ever been found by anyone else, that I am aware of, having the tridactyle claw and the ordinary genital and anal plates of Hoplophora. Perty, in defining his genus, includes two important characters which do not exist in any known species of Oribatide, viz., six-jointed legs and a sucking-mouth. Therefore if we adopt the genus Phthiracarus we adopt one founded upon erroneous anatomy, and of which there is not any known species. Claparéde is probably right in supposing that Perty made mistakes about the tridactyle claw and in other matters: his species was probably Hoplophora dasypus (Duges), an earlier species, misdescribed—it is therefore scarcely a satisfactory type for a family ; and if we be forced to abandon the well- known name of Hoplophora, for which there are very strong arguments, but which every one is unwilling to do, it will be unfortunate.
Then Dr. Oudemans says that the genus “ Notaspis” cannot stand because Hermann’s name in 1804 is equivalent to Latreille’s earlier name Oribata (or Oribates): but it is not certain that they quite covered the same ground; both. were very large groups, practically intended to include what we now call the family, and they have been much subdivided. Latreille’s group has been raised to a family, and his generic name preserved for one genus; but Hermann knew of man creatures not known to Latreille, and Nicolet is, I think, to be commended for preserving Hermann’s name for a portion of these creatures contained in his group, taking the well-known Notaspis bipilis as his type.
Dr. Oudemans then states that Oppta, Koch, is founded on Oppia glaucina, Koch, a larval form, as a type. It is a larval form; but why is it Koch’s type? Koch gives 5 species, of which 4 are adult; in his ‘ Uebersicht,’ where he first describes the genus, he puts O. nitens at the head of his description and figures that species only. It is true that he used the name 'f Uppia”’ earlier, in his ‘ Deutschlands Crus- taceen &c.,’ without defining the genus: that book was published in fasciculi of loose sheets; both species were in the same fasciculus; the plate of O. glaucina was numbered 9, that of O. nitens 10; but is this to make the larval form the type? I do not think that the genus Oppia should stand, but that is because it is a part of the genus Notaspis as limited by Nicolet, and is ill-defined, other members of the same natural genus being spread by Koch over several genera mixed with quite different creatures.
the Classification of Oribatidee. 37
Dr. Oudemans accuses Nicolet of “ bungling” over the genus ‘“‘Cepheus”’: what he did is certainly singular, but the result has to be considered. Dr. Oudemans says, “ The name Cepheus, Nicolet, 1855, cannot be kept, as Koch used this name in 1836.” This is quite true, but we do not attempt to preserve any genus Cepheus of Nicolet, nor did Nicolet propose to found any; we preserve Koch’s. It is true that Nicolet divided Koch’s genus and carried, or rather thought he carried, Koch’s Cepheus latus to a new genus and called the creature Tegeocranus cephetformis, which he described and figured excellently. It was certainly an odd proceeding ; but, as I pointed out in my ‘ British Oribatide,’ vol. ii. 1888, p- 340, although Nicolet thought that his species was tie same, he was in error: 7. cepheiformis was a new species, and Cepheus latus, Koch, was probably a synonym either of what is now called Yegeocranus latus, endeavouring to preserve Koch’s specific name, or of Cepheus tegeocranus (Hermann), an earlier species. Nicolet named a new species Cepheus latus, which was very injudicious: but Koch’s definition of the genus Cepheus is no description at all, and would not define any group whatever, and his type species is uncertain ; it is therefore better to adopt Nicolet’s clear definition of the genus, and some zoologists would call it ‘‘ Cepheus, Nicolet.”’ As the facts stand, therefore, it would seem that Nicolet’s species may be good, particularly if the notes to rule 14 of the rules for the scientific naming of animals of the German Zoological Society be right. But Cepheus latus, Nic., is so like Cepheus tegeocranus (Herm.), that Koch would not have been likely to note the difference; thus Cepheus latus, Koch and Nicolet, may after all be identical, although Nicolet thought them different. It would be impossible to say for certain from Koch’s description and figure.
Dr. Oudemans, like many other acarologists, suggests that the genus Belba, founded by Heyden, should take the place of the later genus Dameus, Koch. elba was founded on Notaspis corynopus Hermann, as a type: Dr. Oudemans says, “I do not know this species by my own observation.” Everyone else is in the same position, because probably no such creature as Hermann has figured and very shortly de- scribed ever existed; if it did it was not a member of any known genus of Oribatide, for it is described as having chelate tarsi. Hermann doubtless made some mistake; but if this error were eliminated the creature, if it were then a possible one, which is doubtful, would belong to the genus Notaspis rather than Damaus. Heyden, however, was not satisfied with the type; he defined the genus Belba, and his definition would carry it out of the Acarina altogether, if
38 On the Classification of Oribatide.
not out of the Arthropoda—it is, ‘‘ head, protothorax (sic), and metathorax separate.” I do not think it would be desirable to revive this genus.
Dr. Oudemans says that “the Oribatei wait for a thorough revision,” and he gives instances. He says that members of the genus Nothrus are said tohave three claws, but that he has species with one. I think that the tridactyle claw as part of the definition of the genus has long been abandoned ; he will find three monodactyle species described in my ‘ British Oribatide’ in 1888. Then he says that “ amongst the species of Koch belonging to the genus Oribates there are several of which the wing-like expansions are not mov- able and do not protect the legs.” Many of the ptero- morphe are only slightly flexible, very few are, strictly speaking, movable; but Koch’s species without them have been removed from the genus by, I think, all modern acarologists. Then he says that “many Hremeus have no arched abdomen, but a hollow one”; he will find in my definition of the genus, in 1888, “ Notogaster arched or concave in the centre.” ‘Then there are some remarks about ~ the similarity of the nymphs of Letosoma and Cepheus, and he suggests that the genera should be joined. If he refer to my work so often quoted above he will find that they practically are joined, but I feel doubts whether they will not have to be separated again; and if Dr. Oudemans endeavours to classify the Oribatide by the hairs on the nymphs, I fear he will find that he must neglect important structural differences in the adults. Finally, Dr. Oudemans says, in effect, that the anterior portion of an Acarus cannot be called a cephalothorax because some of the creature’s legs are abdominal: I regret to say that I fail to appreciate the cogency of this argument.
It will be seen that the above remarks are written in the spirit that it is better not to make changes in well-known names unless it is unavoidable.
Now a few words as to the species in the list. There are 40 named species; of these three, viz. Nothrus pallens, Koch, Zetes ephippiatus, Koch, and Zetes fuscomaculatus, Koch, are founded upon immature (nymphal) forms. Hoplophora lucida, Koch, is one of the many synonyms of Hoplophora dasypus, Duges. H. nitens, Nic., is stated to be equivalent to H. dasypus, Claparede, but not to H. dasypus, Duges; but Claparéde only quotes Dugés and does not use the name dasypus at all, he uses contractilis. No reason is given for saying that H. nitens, Nic., is not the same as /. dasypus, Duges; Nicolet said it was, and I do not know of any reason for disagreeing with him. [Five species of Letosoma are
etn
te a ee a ay Seng ee ea (Pet ern
> Re
On Bees of the Genus Colletes from New Mexico. 39
given; the specific names of three of them end in “‘-us”: cua, the body, is neuter; therefore these names should end in “um.” But at least two of the five, viz. Zetes flavipes, Koch, and Oribates fuscus, Koch, surely belong to the genus Notaspis, not Letosoma: then one is stated to be Letosoma nitens, Geofir.; should not this be Gervais? In the next genus Cepheus, Carabodes coriaceus, Koch, is introduced ; but I cannot see how it can be considered a Cepheus, no ex- planation is given. In the genus Pelops, P. fuligineus, Koch, is given instead of P. levigatus, Nic.: this may be correct, for they are probably identical, and Koch’s is the earlier name; but if so, Koch described this species three times— first as Pelops acromios, Herm., which it is not, then as P. fuligineus, and, finally, in all probability, as P. hirsutus : his figures and descriptions hardly render certain identifi- cation possible, and it would be far better, if it can be done, to preserve Nicolet’s name, which has a good description and figure attached to it. In the genus Oribata (or Oribates) Dr. Oudemans adopts the masculine termination, but he leaves almost all the species in the feminine: thus he puts “ Oribates pallidula, Koch,” and O. fuscomaculata, Koch ; but I do not think that Koch put adjective specific names in the feminine when his genus was masculine. Oribata coleoptrata (Linn.) is used instead of Hermann’s well-known name of alata; but the species entirely relies on Hermann’s drawing, and although it is customary to suppose that it may have been the Acarus coleoptratus of Linneus, it is far too uncertain to adopt that name and drop Hermann’s. Both Oribates ovalis, Koch, and O. nitens, Nic., are given; it is very doubtful if these be more than varieties.
lt must not for a moment be supposed from these remarks that I underestimate the value of many of Dr. Oudemans’s suggestions. ,
VI.— Contributions from the New Mexico Biological Station. —IIl. The Bees of the Genus Colletes found in New Mexico. By T. D. A. COCKERELL.
A. Rather large forms of the type of C. ineequalis, with dark, often scarcely banded abdomen in 9. (1) No dark hairs on thorax ; a sharp straight transverse keel behind the enclosure at base of metathorax.
Colletes utilis, sp. n,
@. Length 11 millim., anterior wing 73 millim. Stoutly built, black; the rather long pubescence of face,
40 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Bees of the
cheeks, pleura, base of abdomen, and legs greyish white or very pale grey, that of vertex and dorsum of thorax yellowish ochraceous. Face broad, with erect pale grey pubescence except on clypeus and middle of supraclypeal area, which are bare. Clypeus with elongate irregular punctures, the surface between them striate, the sculpture reminding one of the surface of a strawberry. Supraclypeal area shining, with two longitudinal rows of large subconfluent punctures on each side. Vertex very closely and distinctly punctured. Space between eyes and base of mandibles about twice as broad as long. Mandibles black, with a dark rufous ring, tips blunt, notch a fair distance from tip. Labrum with three or four short longitudinal grooves on each side; no central pit. Antenne wholly dark, flagellum with a very fine sericeous pubescence, first joint of flagellum distinctly longer than second. Thorax quite densely pubescent above ; prothoracic spines horizontal, long and slender, easily overlooked amidst the pubescence. Mesothorax moderately shiny, median groove very well marked; punctures very large and distinct, sepa- rated from each other by intervals about equal to the diameter of one. Pleura shiny, with strong punctures. Enclosure at base of metathorax very short, coarsely longitudinally plicate, bounded behind by a straight transverse keel. Tegule rufo-testaceous. Wings perfectly hyaline, nervures and stigma black. Legs entirely dark, the claws only rufescent, spurs pale brownish. Basal joints of tarsi fairly but not remarkably stout. Pubescence at tips of inner side of tarsi more or less rufous. Abdomen short and stout, hind margin of second segment and slightly of first and third narrowly rufous. Punctuation of first two segments strong and rather close, on a shining surface; of third extremely fine and small, on a microscopically tessellate surface. No hair-bands, but base of first segment with long hairs. Hind trochanters with a thin long curled brush of beautifully ramose hairs. Hab. Las Cruces, N. M., March 23, on flowers of plum.
(2) With dark hairs on thorax.
(a) Tegulee piceous, punctuation very strong and close; wings smoky,
Colletes bigelovie, sp. n.
@. Length 11 millim., anterior wing 7} millim.
Very much like C. armata, but at once distinguished if attention is given to the following points :—The flagellum is entirely dark beneath, at most very obscurely brownish or rufescent. The unpunctured middle of the supraclypeal area
Genus Colletes from New Mexico. Al
is sometimes quite dull, sometimes shiny. ‘The face is but sparsely hairy. Head very broad on vertex. Prothoracic spine well formed. Mesothorax very coarsely and densely punctured, so as to be cancellate; median smoother shiny area not much developed. Tegulew dark vandyke-brown. Wings smoky, nervures and stigma black. Pleura very densely punctured, so as to be cancellate. Abdomen with white hair-bands at base of second and apex of second and following segments, all largely rubbed off in my specimens.
Hab. Mescalero Indian Reservation, Sacramento Mountains, N. M., a short distance below the Agency, rather common at flowers of Bigelovia graveolens, var. glabrata, Oct. 2, 1896.
This is certainly very near to armata, but the slightly larger average size, dark flagellum, smoky wings, and very densely punctured mesothorax may be taken as valid specific characters.
(6) Tegul rufo-testaceous, punctuation not so close ; wings perfectly clear; flagellum brown beneath; stigma rufo-fuscous.
Colletes armata, Patten, 1879.
One female, Las Cruces, N. M., late summer or early autumn.
Mr. Fox, after comparing it with Cresson’s collection, marked it C. tnequalis, but Mr. Robertson has since shown that what Cresson took for ¢nequalis was really armata. I have the real ¢nequalis from Illinois (Robertson) ; it is larger, with dark tegule and other differences. In several respects (wings, antenne, tegule) it is more like digelovice, but it has the mesothorax shiny, with the punctures separate though close, very different from digelovie.
B. Males as large or larger than ineequalis, with black hairs on dorsum of thorax and very large punctures on abdomen.
Colletes gilensis, sp. n.
3. About 15 millim. long.
Black, the pubescence of head and thorax quite dense except on posterior truncation of thorax, long, greyish white or very pale grey on underparts, tinged with ochreous and mixed with black on thoracic dorsum, dense and silky on lower part of face, covering clypeus. Face longer than broad. Antenne wholly dark. Vertex shining, with sparse big punctures and little ones between. Mandibles dark, rather blunt, the notch a fair distance from the end. Clypeus
42 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Bees of the
with very large irregular pits. Labrum with a deep elongate median sulcus, bounded on each side by an elevation. Area between eyes and base of mandibles about twice as broad as long. Mesothorax shining, with large well-separated punc- tures. Prothoracic spine long and conspicuous. Base of metathorax with the usual transverse series of pits, rather irregular, below which the triangle is transversely ridged, with a rather feeble median longitudinal carina. The shiny downward prolongation of the triangle is very narrow. Lateral areas of the posterior truncation dull because minutely roughened. Tegulz rufo-fuscous. Wings long (anterior wing 10 millim.), smoky; nervures and stigma very dark fuscous. Legs black, small joints of tarsi inclining to dark rufous. Pubescence of legs ordinary. Abdomen shiny, with large close punctures; first segment sparsely clothed with erect grey hairs, which on the other segments are replaced by shorter inconspicuous hairs, becoming darker to black caudad. Apical margins of segments 1 to 5 with even very conspic- uous bands of white pubescence. ‘The band is wholly lacking on sixth segment. Pubescence of apex fuscous. Venter with white bands like those of dorsum.
Hab. West fork of Gila River, N. M., July 16, two males (C. H. T. Townsend).
It is to be regretted that the female of this, the largest New Mexico Colletes, is unknown. <A specimen was compared by Mr. Fox with the Cresson collection, and returned marked “near propingua.” From the male ot ¢negualis (propinqua) it differs by its rather larger size, smooth vertex with sparse punctures of two sizes (that of ¢newgualis being dull from the very dense punctuation), strong prothoracic spine, larger punc- tures of abdomen, &e.
C. Smaller species with well-banded abdomen and without black hairs on thorax, except in a vernal species (C. texana, Cr.).
(1) Distance between eyes and base of mandibles greater than breadth of latter.
(a) Larger ; tips of mandibles blunter ; punctuation of first abdominal segment stronger and closer.
Colletes Wootont, sp. n.
¢. About 10 millim. long.
Black, with long, rather dense, greyish-white pubescence, tinged with ochreous on vertex and dorsum of thorax. Eyes unusually prominent, giving the head an odd appearance viewed from in front. Face and cheeks densely covered with
Genus Colletes from New Mexico. 43
long dull white hairs. Clypeus shining, with sparse but very distinct punctures. Labrum with a median elevation. Vertex closely and strongly punctured. Space between eyes and base of mandibles longer than breadth of latter, striated. Mandibles rufous at extreme tips, which are blunt; notch deep and not far from end. Second and third joints of maxillary palpi conspicuously shorter than first or fourth. Flagellum wholly dark, its first joint about two thirds length of second. Mesothorax shining, with large, rather sparse punctures ; hind part of scutellum densely punctured; post- scutellum with fine longitudinal ridges, crossed by finer ones, producing a curious cancellate appearance. Base of meta- thorax with a series of large elongated pits, separated by sharp keels, the whole bounded behind by a distinct but irregular ridge. Lower part of triangle with a shining de- pression. Lateral faces of truncation shining, with irregular shallow punctures. Articulating base surrounded above by a smooth area, with radiating keels. Tegule shining dark brown, with very hairy margins. Wings perfectly hyaline, nervures and stigma piceous, stigma very small. Legs black, with long dull white hairs. Abdomen shining, strongly and rather closely punctured ; first segment with long greyish- white hairs; apical margins of segments 1 to 5 with bands of white pubescence, which are continued but very narrowly on venter. Pubescence of extreme apex subfuscous. No black hairs on dorsum of hindmost segments.
Hab. Ruidoso Creek, N. M., 6400 feet, July 8, on asmall- flowered Asclepias (EZ. O. Wooton).
A pollen-mass of the Asclepias is adherent to one of the hind tarsi. Near to C. compacta, Cr., dé, but that has dark hairs on thorax and has not the strong series of pits at base of metathorax.
(6) Smaller; tips of mandibles sharper; punctuation of first abdominal segment feebler and more sparse.
Colletes dalew, sp. n.
¢. About 7 millim. long.
Black, with abundant long white pubescence, duller on dorsum of thorax, but nowhere tinged with ochreous. Eyes very prominent. Jace densely covered with silky white hair. Clypeus quite closely punctured, especially down the middle. Labrum with a conspicuous central pit. Mandibles rufous at tips. Space between mandibles and eye coarsely striated, a little longer than broad. Sides of vertex densely
44 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Bees of the
punctured. Antenne reaching to base of metathorax ; fla- gellum dark, only faintly brownish beneath. Mesothorax shining, with distinct but sparse punctures. A short pro- thoracic spine. Scutellum shining, its hind third closely punctured. Base of metathorax shining, bounded by a ridge, and separated into quadrate spaces by irregular longitudinal ridges. Posterior truncation shining, the lateral areas sparsely pitted and clothed with long beautifully plumose hairs. Tegule testaceous, edges paler. Wings perfectly hyaline ; nervures and stigma dull testaceous, subcostal ner- vure black. Legs black, with sparse white pubescence ; tarsi obscure brownish. Abdomen shining, first segment sparsely punctured, the following segments not so sparsely but more obscurely ; first segment with long dull white hairs, replaced on following segments by short inconspicuous pubescence, nowhere anything but white. Pubescence of apex white. Segments 1 to 6 with very distinct apical bands of white pubescence, which are continued narrowly on venter.
Hab. Mesilla Park, N. M., June 2, 1896, on flowers of Dalea scoparia. Also Las Cruces, N. M., in the town, June 9, 1894.
This must be very near to C. producta, Rob., d, but that has black tegule, and the scutellum is different.
(2) Distance between eyes and base of mandibles less than breadth of latter ; much less except in the vernal species.
(a) Pubescence of thorax short, the hairs stout, pubescent, moss-like ; abdominal bands broad and appressed ; tips of mandibles blunt.
Colletes aberrans, sp. n.
@. Length about 11 millim.
Black, with short, tolerably dense, pale ochreous pubes- cence. Head rather broad, vertex depressed ; clypeus promi- nent, practically bare, with punctures running into grooves ; face above clypeus with short ochreous pubescence ; vertex with a very few large punctures on a surface which appears granular from an exceedingly minute punctuation; ocelli large; cheeks with short pubescence, that on occiput some- what longer, not at all mixed with black. The occipital hairs at first seem simple, but a strong lens shows that they are minutely feathered all the way up. Antenne wholly dark. Mandibles strongly grooved without, medially sub- rufous, very blunt at tips, with the notch a fair distance from the end. Labrum with no distinct median pit. Thoracic dorsum densely covered with pubescence except a central
Genus Colletes from New Mexico. 45
space on mesothorax and the anterior part of scutellum, both of which exhibit rather sparse very large punctures, and the pitted base of the metathorax. The posterior truncation is quite hairy allover. The hairs on the mesothorax, scutellum, and postscutellum are very short, thick, and moss-like ; many are tipped with brown, but this looks like some accidental staining in the cyanide bottle. None are black. These peculiar hairs are very pubescent and result from a shortening of the axis of the hair without a reduction in the number of the lateral cilia, so that the latter become crowded. Tegule dark testaceous, pubescent in front. Wings perfectly hyaline ; nervures and stigma dark rufous, subcostal nervure black. Third submarginal cell more oblique than usual. Legs tolerably densely pubescent; the hind femora carry a quantity of pollen. Abdomen rather elongate, with short pubescence, reminding one of Lpeolus. Segments 1 to 4 have broad greyish-white apical bands, 2 and 3 have also broad basal bands, greyer in colour. The first segment is so pubescent that the ground-colour appears as a dark band just before the marginal band. The surface of the abdomen, where exposed, is dullish, closely and minutely punctured. The hair-bands are not continued on to the ventral surface.
Hab. Santa Fé, N. M., July 27, 1895, on flowers of Peta- lostemon candidus ; one specimen, no others seen (C&//. 3820).
Very easily known by the remarkable character of the thoracic pubescence. The P. candidus was at the same time and place visited by Sphex and Bombus, the latter in fair numbers, gathering the orange pollen.
(6) Pubescence of thorax normal.
(i.) Dorsum of thorax with some black hairs; punctuation of first abdominal segment excessively sparse.
Colletes texana, Cresson, 1872.
Las Cruces, N. M.; one female on Saliv, May 2.
Cresson’s description, from a single example found in Comal Co., Texas, is rather inadequate, but it tallies precisely with our insect, except that I should not call the wings “short.” Length about 10 millim. There is a band at the base of the second abdominal segment, not mentioned by Cresson. Nervures and stigma piceous. Antenne wholly black.
Distinguished from compacta 2 by the entire band at apex of first abdominal segment, &e,
46 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Bees of the
(ii.) Dorsum of thorax without any black hairs. a. Small males, with flagellum ferruginous beneath; tarsi ferruginous. Colletes prosopidis, sp. n.
3. Length about 7 to 84 millim.
Very near to C. dalew, the description of which, given above, applies with these exceptions:—T'he space between eyes and base of mandibles is broader than long. Sides of vertex are sparsely punctured. The flagellum is ferruginous beneath. Hind third of scutellum only sparsely punctured. Base of metathorax sometimes as in dalew, sometimes not distinctly separated into quadrate spaces. Nervures and stigma fuscous or stigma dark ferruginous. Knees and all the tarsi ferruginous, knees sometimes black, hind tibize some- times ferruginous behind. Second abdominal segment with very distinct punctures.
Hab. Las Cruces, N. M.; five at flowers of mesquite (Prosopis), May 2; one on foliage of Populus, Campus of Agricultural College, May 8 (Ckll. 2942).
8. Flagellum dark ; tarsi little if at all ferruginous, except in C. Anne, + Punctuation of first abdominal segment feeble and sparse.
§ Cinereous species; no hair-band at base of second abdominal segment in the males. (Compare also C. salicicola.)
Colletes Louise, sp. n.
dg. Length about 8 millim.
Black, with rather dense greyish-white pubescence, stoutly built, not slender like dalee and prosopidis. Head rather broad, vertex distinctly convex seen from in front; face densely covered with long silvery white hair; sides of vertex strongly but sparsely punctured; labrum with three longi- tudinal grooves, the lateral ones strongest. Mandibles dark, rather unusually slender, the notch some distance from the tip ; space between eyes and mandibles a little broader than long. Antenne wholly dark, not so long as in dalew and prosopidis. Pubescence of thorax tolerably dense, but not particularly long; mesothorax with rather sparse but very large and distinct punctures; scutellum sparsely punctured, densely on hind margin; base of metathorax bounded by a sharp ridge and divided by sharp ridges into quadrangular spaces. Prothoracic spine absent or concealed by the pubes- cence. Tegule shining fuscous, finely punctured. Wings perfectly hyaline; nervures and stigma fuscous, subcostal
Genus Colletes from New Mezico. 47
nervure black. Legs black, ordinary, claw~joint becoming ferruginous. Abdomen short, convex, suboval, shining, with small and sparse but distinct punctures. No black hairs. First segment with long hairs at base and sides; segments 1 to 5 with very distinct white apical bands of appressed hairs, which bands are continued somewhat more narrowly on the venter. First joint of flagellum almost as long as second.
Hab. A few miles E. of Las Cruces, N. M., below the rise, Sept. 27, 1896 (Ckll.; C1).
Colletes gypsicolens, sp. n.
3. Length about 11 millim.
Closely related to Loudse, but considerably larger, and the dorsal pubescence of the head and thorax has a very delicate yellowish tinge, not readily noticed under the lens, but con- trasting with the white paper lining of the store-box, giving the insect a quite distinct factes. Another peculiarity is found in the mandibles, the rufescent ends of which are broad and flattened, pointed at the tip, like a Roman sword. The labium has merely a shallow median pit or concavity. Sides of vertex closely and minutely punctured. Flagellum entirely black. No prothoracic spine. Mesothorax with large, rather close punctures. Hnclosed quadrangles of base of meta- thorax very few, the middle ones at least considerably broader than long. Lateral areas of posterior truncation shining, hairy, punctured. Tegule extremely hairy. Wings per- fectly hyaline; nervures black, stigma pale ferruginous or honey-colour. The wings are relatively somewhat shorter than in Loutse. ‘Tarsi sometimes more or less ferruginous, especially the hind tarsi, which may be conspicuously so. Abdominal punctures very minute. White bands very broad and distinct. Hind margin of sixth segment hyaline.
Hab. White Sands by Whitewater, N. M., on flowers of Bigelovia, Oct. 6, four males (C. H. T. Townsend; C 36).
This interesting species is probably peculiar to the White Sands, an enormous deposit of pure gypsum extending for many miles, looking exactly like banks of snow.
Colletes, sp. n. 2. Length about 10 millim.
Abdomen narrow, elongate, tapering, after the manner of C. nitidus, Smith, with very distinct white hair-bands, When the segments are extended it is seen that the bases of the second and third are hairy. I give this form no name, as
48 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on Bees of the
I have no doubt it will prove to be the female of Louise, dalee, or prosopidis, It is most like Louise, and, by analogy with nitédus, should have a male with the abdomen shaped as in Louise; the latter, however, flies at a different time of year and has a more distinctly punctured abdomen. More probably, perhaps, the present insect belongs with dalee, which flies at the same season; but against this supposition is the difference in the length of the space between the eye and mandible. The dark flagellum (faintly brown beneath) and tarsi suggest dalee rather than prosopidis.
It had been queried whether this insect might be Cresson’s albescens, but that has the abdomen “very closely” pune- tured, which certainly is not true of our species. ‘The nervures of our insect also are piceous or black, not “ rufo-testaceous,” while our tegule are clear testaceous, those of albescens being piceous.
Hab. San Marcial, N. M., two specimens, June 28, 1895 (Ckll. 3101, 3112); Las Cruces, N. M., one, June 8, 1894, in the town (Cll. 866) ; another on parsnep, June.
§§ Ochreous species of small size ; base of second abdominal segment hairy; tarsi ferruginous.
Colletes Anne, sp. n.
dé. Length about 8 millim.
Black, with dense pale ochraceous pubescence, becoming white on the cheeks and femora. Head broad; face densely covered with pubescence, which has a distinct yellowish tinge. Antenne long, wholly black ; first joint of flagellum very short, scarcely more than half as long as second. Sides of vertex inconspicuously and rather sparsely punctured. Mandibles stout, rufous at ends, blunt at tips, notch a fair distance from tip. Space between eye and mandible un- usually short, more than twice as broad as long. Labrum with an obscure median pit. Mesothorax with very large and distinct, not very close, punctures. Base of metathorax with quadrate spaces, broader than long, enclosed by a sharp rim. Posterior truncation shining. Tegule rufo-testaceous, very pubescent. Wings perfectly hyaline, iridescent; nervures and stigma ferruginous. Second submarginal cell very little narrowed above. Legs black, with all the tarsi and the ex- treme ends of the tibie ferruginous ; tarsi ciliated with long hairs. Abdomen rather narrow and elongate, very hairy, with minute punctures, sparse on first segment, and nowhere dense. First segment covered with long hair; segments 1
Genus Colletes from New Mexico. 49
to 5 with very broad apical bands of light ochraceous pubes- cence, base of second segment also hairy. Ventral hair-bands very narrow at sides, widening to the middle.
Hab. Mesilla, N. M., Aug. 29, 1896, on flowers of Bigelovia Wrightit.
From the male of C. americana this will be known by the colour of the legs. One would take it for the undescribed male of C. ciliata, Patton, but for the very strong punctuation of the thorax.
tf Punctuation of first abdominal segment strong, feeblest and sparsest in a species from Salix (C. salicicola).
§ Lateral faces of posterior truncation of thorax dull; the shiny triangle narrowed below.
x. Larger; hind spur of hind tibia barely ciliate.
Colletes estivalis, Patton, 1879.
Ruidoso Creek, N. M., 6600 feet, July 10, on Rhus, six females, one male (£. O. Wooton).
These differ in no important respect from a specimen of estivalis from Illinois, received from Mr. Robertson.
xx. Smaller; hind spur of hind tibia very finely but very distinctly pectinate.
Colletes chamesarache, sp. n.
2. Length about 10 millim.
Black, with short dull grey pubescence. Head tolerably broad; eyes not bulging at top; face and cheeks with sparse grey pubescence; clypeus bare, shining, strongly but not very densely punctured ; sides of vertex sparsely punctured, shining; a broad dull groove in front of the upper part of each eye; labrum with a deep median longitudinal furrow ; mandibles stout, rounded at tips, the notch near the end; space between mandible and eye very short; flagellum dark brown beneath from the third joint to the end, its second joint shorter than the third and only half as long as the first. Prothoracic spine rather short, but very slender and sharp, Mesothorax with very large close punctures, absent on disk, Anterior half of scutellum impunctate, posterior half with large punctures. Base of metathorax divided by ridges into quadrate spaces which are longer than broad, Lateral faces of posterior truncation irregularly and obscurely reticulate, dullish because microscopically lineolate or subreticulate.
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xix. 4
50 Mr. T. D, A. Cockerell on Bees of the
Pleura closely punctured, subcancellate. Thoracic pubescence short and rather sparse, dull yellowish grey or, one might say, pale greyish ochreous. ‘Tegule shining piceous, not noticeably punctured. Wings hyaline; nervures piceous, stigma fuscous. Legs with mouse-coloured pubescence ; tarsi dark; tibial spurs dark brown; hind spur of hind tibia pectinate, with about fifteen “teeth. Inner tooth of claw short, diverging from the outer. Abdomen rather narrow, subconical, moderately shiny, punctuation of first segment fine but strong and rather close, of the remaining segments minute and obscure. Base of first segment sparsely hairy ; hind margins of segments 1 to 4 with bands of whitish pubescence ; second segment very feebly pubescent at ex- treme base. Venter with rather abundant fairly long mouse- grey pubescence.
Hab. Santa Fé, N. M., at flowers of Chamesaracha coro- nopus in grounds of Capitol, Aug. 2 (Cél/. 4081).
The punctuation of the first abdominal segment is con- spicuously finer than in estivalis.
§§ Lateral faces of posterior truncation of thorax shining or tuberculate, not minutely roughened.
x. Punctuation of first abdominal segment relatively sparse and fine ; vernal species.
Colletes salicicola, sp. n.
2. Length about 10 millim.
Stoutly built, black (including tarsi), with rather short but abundant pale grey or greyish-white pubescence, faintly tinged with yellowish on dorsum of thorax. Head tolerably broad, but hardly as broad as thorax; vertex depressed, its sides sparsely punctured, contrasting with the closely punctured front. Pubescence of face and cheeks tolerably abundant “ frichtened mouse” colour. Clypeus with very large sparse punctures. Antenne wholly dark, first joint of flagellum not twice as long as second. Mandibles wholly dark, blunt. Labrum with a round median pit. Space between eye and base of mandible about twice as broad as long. Prothoracic spine apparently wanting. Mesothorax with large, rather sparse punctures. Base of metathorax with numerous spaces, longer than broad, enclosed by ridges. Sides of posterior triangle obliquely ridged. Lateral faces of posterior trunca- tion shining, distinctly but sparsely punctured. Tegule pale testaceous, shining. Wings perfectly hyaline; nervures and stigma black, costal nervure brown. Second submarginal
Genus Colletes from New Mexico. dL
cell narrower than usual. Legs with pale grey pubescence, white on first four femora. Tibial spurs pale; hind spur of hind tibia barely ciliate. Abdomen broad, suboval, shining ; first segment with very distinct but very sparse punctures; second segment more closely punctured, the punctures perfectly distinct on a shining surface ; first sezment with a thin pale grey pubescence all over; segments 1 to 5 with broad apical bands of white hair, which are not continued on to the venter. Bases of segments also pubescent. No black hairs.
Var. a.—Posterior triangle of thorax without ridges.
Hab. Las Cruces, N. M., on Salix, May 2 and 3.
This is much like Louise, but flies at a different time of year. In salicicola the stigma is black, in Louzse it is ferru- ginous and tapers more at the end. ‘There is little difference in the punctuationof the abdomen. C. Louise has conspicuous white ventral hair-bands, which are wholly lacking in salicicola.
za. Punctuation of first abdominal segment relatively strong and close ; summer and autumn species,
Colletes americana, Cresson, 1868.
I have several lots of specimens which must be referred to americana, for, although they present differences among themselves, I fail to find satisfactory specific characters to separate them. Nevertheless, it is probable that one or two segregates may be established hereafter with close study of more abundant material. ‘The specimens referred to are :—
(1) A female from Watrous, N. M., 6200 feet, July 13. Peculiar for its sharp mandibles, with the notch very distinct and a good distance from the end. Abdomen very pubescent, including bases of second and third segments.
(2) A female, Las Vegas, N. M., July. Mandibles blunt, with the notch very near the end. Abdomen hairy, as in the Watrous example.
(3) Six males, Tuerto Mountain, near Santa Fé, N. M., 7850 feet, Aug. 7, flying over damp sand in: numbers. Mandibles sharp, notch near end.
(4) A male, Santa Fé Caiion, N. M., 7625 feet, on flowers of Rudbeckia laciniata, Aug. 11.
(5) Santa Fé, N. M. One female, Mr. Boyle’s garden, July 25, 1895, at flowers of Spheralcea angusti- folia. One male, July 25, 1894. One male, July 18, at white Clematis flowers.
4#
52 Mr. F. O. P. Cambridge on Cteniform Spiders
(6) A female, west fork of Gila River, N. M., July 16 (C. H. T. Townsend). This looks like a distinet species, but Mr. Fox, after comparing it with the Cresson collection, refers it to americana. The abdomen is not so hairy as in the others, and the hair at the bases of the segments after the first is lacking. The punctures on the second segment are conspicuously finer and closer than those on the first.
(7) Mesilla, N. M., two males on Bigelovia Wrightit, Aug. 29, 1896.
(8) Las Cruces, N. M., two males on Bigelovia Wrightit, end of August. Two males on Solidago cana- densis by Schaublin’s mill, Sept. 3 and 4.
Mesilla, New Mexico, U.S.A., Nov. 14, 1896.
VIL.—On Cteniform Spiders from the Lower Amazons and other Regions of North and South America, with List of all known Species of these Groups hitherto recorded from the New World. By F. O. Pickarp CamBripGe, B.A.
[Plates IIT. & IV.]
CoNTENTS. Page (1.) ‘Introduction. «5-2 )) ++0.0em sa te ates 2h leew ee 53 (ii.) a. Bibliography relating to the Cteniform Spiders of the New Wollld . cess s0s's0 » 0s oben sm ce oc 54 b. List of new Species and other Forms more especially Noted... 6 bes ete sew SA ec eee Rs ROEM ly ee 54 (iii.) Descriptions and Notes ....-....::ssivss) eee e semen tee -- Part I.—(a) Genera of the Old and New Worlds, containing form possessing two tarsal claws only, which have been assigned by various authors to the Ctenide and Clubionide, with Notes on the Type Species...... 56 (6) List of Genera and Species of the New World, with Descriptions of new Species .........sceeccseves 60
Part I].— (a) Genera of the Old and New Worlds of Forms possessing three tarsal claws, which have been assigned by various authors to the Families Ctenidz and Lyco-
sidz, with Notes on the Type Species............ 88 (b) Characters of a new Genus and Descriptions of new Species from the New World ......,.....ceee0. 95
Part I1I.—Cribellate ‘ Ctenoid” Forms referred by Simon to Fam. Zoropsidg, with two tarsal claws; Notes and De- scriptions of new Species from the New World.... 101
from the Lower Amazons ée. 53
(i.) Introduction.
The following pages contain descriptions of a new genus and twenty-two new species of spiders, one male new to science of a species already described, and notice of two forms renamed, since the original names were bestowed on forms of whose identity we have now no real clue.
Of the new species thirteen, not including the new male form, have been placed provisionally under the generic name Ctenus ; for five species the new genus Lycoctenus has been established, containing three-clawed Dolomedine forms ; one new species has been added to Keyserling’s genus Steno- ctenus, in all probability congeneric with Labdacus, O. Cambr.; one new species has been added to this latter genus and two to the genus Acanthoctenus, Keys.
The two forms referred by Count Keyserling to Phoneutria rufibarbis and P. fera, Perty, sub Ctenus, have been re-named Pertyi and Keyserlingit respectively. ‘The original descrip- tions and figures of rufibarbis and fera given by Perty leave no real clue to the particular forms he had before him, and there is no alternative other than re-naming the two forms which Keyserling referred to Perty’s names.
As to the real character of the original genus Ctenus, Walck., with its type C. dubéus, Wlk., there is room for much doubt. In 1884 M. Simon records the existence of this type in the Museum at Paris, but now (October 1896) he regrets to say that this type, as well as those of other of Walckenaer’s “ Ctenide,”’ have entirely disappeared. M. Si- mon, in 1884, says that Walckenaer’s Ctenus was congeneric with those included under that name by Keyserling. One of Keyserling’s species—C. bogotensis—however, is a three- clawed form, entering the family Lycoside or Pisauride according to M. Simon’s more recent classification ; wile another of Keyserling’s species of Ctenus is congeneric with M. Simon’s own genus Cuptennius, 1891, which, however, he has lately kindly informed me will fall into Ctenus according to his present characterization of the latter.
Of spiders collected in the Amazons Valley during the expedition in Mr. Alexander Siemens’s 8.8. ‘ Faraday,’ [ am able to record therefore ten new species and one new genus, while descriptions of twelve other new species have been added, all from South and Central America, except C. minimus from North America.
No attempt has been made to determine the exact syste- matic position of the three groups into which the “ ctenifors ” spiders fall—a matter which is still in hot dispute amongst
o4 Mr. F. O. P. Cambridge on Cteniform Spiders
arachnologists. The “ cribellate” forms have been placed provisionally in the family furnished for their reception by M. Simon in his second edition of the ‘Natural History of Aranez ’—the Zoropside.
I have to thank Mr. R. I. Pocock, of the Natural History Museum, South Kensington, for kindly allowing me to ex- amine the collection of Arachnida under his charge and to describe the new forms discovered.
(ii.) a. Bibliography relating to the Cteniform Spiders of the New World.
1805.—C, A. WALcKENARR. ‘Tableau des Araignées.’
1833.--GrirFitH. ‘Anim. Kingdom (Cuvier),
1883.—M. Perry. ‘Del. Anim. Brasil.’ (Spix and Martius), iii.
1837.—C. A. WALCKENAER. ‘ Insectes: Aptéres,’ i.
1841.—N. M. Hentz. Boston Soc. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv.
1848.—C. Kocu. ‘ Die Arachniden,’ xv.
1872.—M. Taczanowski. Hore Soc. Ent. Rossice, ix.
1873-4.—M. Taczanowskt. Hore Soc. Ent. Rossice, x.
1873.—O, Prcxarp CamBriner. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., Jan.
1875.—N. M. Henrz. ‘Spid. United States,’ ed. Burgess.
1877.—E. von Kryseruine. Verhand. z.-b. Gesell. Wien, t. ii. (viii.).
1878.—L. Kocn. ‘ Arachniden Australiens,’ ii.
1878.—Karscu, Z. ges. Natur. (3) iii.
1879.—E. von Krysertine. Verhand. z.-b. Gesell. Wien.
1879.—Kanscu. Zeitschrift ges. Naturwiss. (3) iv.
1880.—Pu. BertKau. Mém. Cour, Acad. Belgique, t. xlii.
1880.—E. von Kryseruine. Verhandl. z.-b. Gesell. Wien, xxix.
1880.—EuGkneE Simon. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr.
1880.—E. van BENEDEN. Bulletin Acad. Belg. (2) xlix.
1881.—HormpBrre. Ann. Soc. Argentina.
1881.—E. von Krysertine, Verhand. z.-b. Gesell. Wien.
1882,—A. W.M.van Hassett. IV. 3de Aflev. Nat. Historie Midden-
Sumatra. Leiden.
1884.—EvGknr Sron. Ann. Mus, Genov. xx.
1886.—KuGéENnE Srmon. Bull. Soe. Zool. Fr. ii.
1887.—Vawn Hassett. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, xxx.
1888.—Van Hassett. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, xxxi.
1888.—EvuGéne Srwon, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. viii.
1891.—E. von Krysrriine. Brasilienische Spinnen.
1891.—EuGinr Srwon. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. xvi.
1892.—O. Pickard CamBripGE. Biol. Centr.-Americana, Arach. p- 100.
(ii.) b. List of new Species and other Forms more especially noted.
Genus Crrenus (? Walck.).
C. Reidy’, sp.n.. Q.—Santarem, Lower Amazons. P. 78, Pl. UL.
figs. i. a, il. C. Andrewsi, sp. n., 2.—Santarem and Paré, Lower Amazons. P. 79, Pl, UI. fig. ii. b 5 ke Adi Le BD
~
from the Lower Amazons &c. 55
C. boliviensis, sp. n., ¢ 2 .—Bolivia, S. America. P. 80, Pl. III. fig. iii.
C. Pertyi, nom. nov., = <i, rufibarbis (Perty), Keys. P. 80.
cae nom. nov.,=C. ferus (Perty), Keys. PP. 81, Pl. II. iii,ie
C. nigriventer, Keys.—Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. P.81, Pl. IIT. fig. ii.d.
C. nigritus, sp. n., ¢.—Santarem, Lower Amazons. P. 81, Pr TE figs. vi. a, Vil. a.
C. sinuatipes, sp. n., d Q.—La Palin, Costa Rica, P. 84, Pl. III. figs. iv.d, vi.e, vii. f.
C. rectipes, sp.n., ¢.—Iguarassu, Brazil. P. 85, PI. III. figs. vi. a, vii. b.
C. spiculus, sp. n., od —Colombia. P. 86, Pl. Ul. figs. vi. g, vil. h.
C. serratipes, sp. nh, 3d .—Demerara. P. 87, PE Th ‘figs, Vi. c, vii. d.
C. planipes, sp. 0., Oe —Santarem, Lower "Amazons. P. 84, PTT. figs, vi. b, vii. c.
C. medius, Keys. (3 new to science).—Theresiopolis, 8. Brazil. P. 87, PINE ‘fies. vi. f, vii.
C. minimus, sp. n., 3b ee America. P. 86, Pl. III. fig. v. 1 and 2.
C. minor, sp. n., Q.—Santarem, Lower Amazons. P. 83, PI. Ill. fig. iv.c.
C. albofasciatus, sp. n., 2?.—Santarem, Lower Amazons. P. 82, PI. 100. tig. iv. b.
Cc. similis, sp.n., 9.—Santarem, Lower Amazons. P. 83, Pl. III. fig. iv. a.
Genus CuPIENNIUs, Sim.
C. oculatus, Sim.,= C. Saléi (Keys.), sub Ctenus. P. 68.
Genus LycocrENvs, new.
L. brunneus, sp. 0., ¢ Q2.—Santarem, Lower Amazons. P. 97, PIV. fis. i 2,1. C,2, i. Ay C
L. givas, sp. n., 3. —Hab. doubtful : Upper Amazons? P. 98, PI. IV. 1 fae ts (Oy ale
L. demerar ensis, sp. n., ¢.—Demerara. P. 99, Pl. IV. fig. i.e, 3.
L. colombianus, sp. n., g.—Colombia. P. 99, Pl. IV. fig. 1.¢,4.
L Hewitsoni, sp. n. ie @.—Santarem. P. 100, Pl. IV. fig. i. b.
L. bogotensis, Keys., 2. —Bogoté. P. 98, Pl. IV. fig. ii. d, b.
Genus STENOCTENUS, Keys.
S. pallidus, sp. n., ¢.—Aimable Maria, Peru. P. 92, Pl. IV. fig. v.a, b.
3 Genus Laspacus, O. Cambr. L. albidus, sp. n., 2.—Rio de Janeiro, S. Brazil. P. 91.
Genus ACANTHOCTENtS, Keys.
A. Marshii, sp. n.. ¢ Q.—Santarem &c., Lower Amazons. P. 108, PIGEV = fips: iii a,/c,1v.'a.
A, Ridleyi, sp.n., 2.—Pernambuco. P. 103, Pl. IV. figs. iii. e, iv. b.
A. spinigerus, Keys., ¢.—Mexico. P. 102, Pl. IV. fig. iii. b.
A. spinipes, Keys., 9 .—Bogota. P. 103, Pl. IV. fig. iii. d.
56 Mr. F. O. P. Cambridge on Ctentform Spiders
Part I.—(a) Genera of the Old and New Worlds, containing Forms possessing two tarsal claws only, which have been assigned by various authors to the Families Ctenide. and Clubionide, Subfam. Ctenine, with Notes on the Type Species.
1805. Ctenus, Wlk. Tableau Aran. p. 16. Type C. dubius, Wik., 2.— Cayenne, French Guiana.
1838. Phoneutria, Perty, Del. Anim. Bras. iii. p. 196. Type P. ferus, Perty, 2.—Rio Negro, Brazil.
1883. Thaumasia, Perty *,
1875. Argoctenus, L. Koch, Arach. Austr. ii. p. 990. Type A. iyneus, L. K., 2? —King George’s Sound, Australia.
1875. Leptoctenus, L. Koch, Arach. Austr. ii, p. 994. Type LZ. agalen- oides, Li. K., $.—Gayndah, Australia.
1877. Microctenus, Keys. Verh, z.-b. Ges. Wien, p. 687. Type M. or- natus, Keys., 9 .—Bogotaé, New Granada.
1877. Acanthoctenus +, Keys. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, p. 693. Type A. spinigerus, Keys., g -—Bogoté, New Granada.
1877. Caloctenus, Keys. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, p. 696. Type C. aculeatus, Keys., 9 .—Bogota, New Granada.
1878. Anigma, Karsch, Z. ges. Naturw. (3) iii. p. 825. Type 2. austra- liana, Karsch, 2 .—New South Wales.
1879. Anahita, Karsch, Verh. Rhein-Provinz. iy. p. 103. Type A. fauna, Karsch, 9 .—Japan.
1880. Isoctenus, Bertk. Mém. Cour. Acad. Belg. xliii. p. 61. Type I. foliiferus, Bertk., 9 juvy.—Brazil.
1880. Ctenophthalmus, Sim, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., Bull. p. 174. Type C. lineatus, Sim., 2 —New Caledonia.
1890, Ctenomma,Thor, Ann. Mus. Genoy. p. 183, nom. for Ctenophthalmus, Sim., nom, preoce.
1891. Cupiennius, Sim. Bull. Soe. Zool. Fr. xvi. p. 109. Type C. Getazi, Sim., 9.—Costa Rica.
1891-92. Nydia, Thor. Rag. Mal. iv. vol. ii. p. 180. Type NV. punetata, Thor., 9 juv.—Sumatra,
1891-92. Acantheis, Thor. Sven. Ak. Handl. xxiv. (2) p. 61, note. Nom, for Acanthoctenus, Thor. Type A. variatus, Thor., 9 .—Sumatra.
* 1833. Thaumasia, Perty, Del. Anim. Bras. iii. p. 192, tab, xxxviii. 5, Type 7. senilis, Perty, ¢.—Provincia Piauhiensi, Brazil.
There is no evidence as to whether thisis a two-clawed or three-clawed form.
+ Although Acanthoctenus does not at present claim kindred with the Ctenine, I have left the name in this position for convenience’ sake,
from the Lower Amazons &e. oT
Notes on the Types of the above Genera. Crenus, Walck.
There is no question that the type of this genus is C. du- bius, Walck., Tabl. Aran. 1805, p. 16, it being the only species here assigned to the genus. As to the identity of the type form, M. Simon says :—‘‘ Le Ctenus dubius, Wlk., type du genre Ctenus (Tabl. Ar.), qui existe encore au Muséum de Paris, rentre dans Ja division & laquelle le comte Keyserling a laissé le nom de Ctenus,” and ‘ Il est synonyme du genre Phoneutria, Perty’’ (Ann. Mus. Genov. 1884, p. 355)*.
Without, however, having seen the type of the genus, one would not like to be too sure of its affinities. Keyserling included all those ctenoid forms which were characterized by four or five pairs of spines beneath tibiw 1, and 1. under Ctenus, Walck., in his more recent work Bras. Spinn. 1891. Possibly this extension would include C. dubius, Walck. In 1877, however, when Keyserling first differentiates the Ctenoid genera, he includes under Ctenus, with four pairs of subtibial spines, as distinct from Mecroctenus, with five pairs, three species only—C. granadensis, CU. bogotensis,and CO. Saléi. The first and the third belong to Cupiennius, Sim., while the second belongs to the new genus Lycoctenus. So that I use the generic term Ctenus in this paper with mental reserva- vations as to future possibilities.
PHONEUTRIA, Perty. Walckenaer, in Ins. Apt. 1. p. 3869-70, includes both
Perty’s species under his older genus Ctenus, though he regards the former as distinct from the latter, in so far as concerns the curvature of the second row of eyes, straight in Ctenus dubius, recurved in Phoneutria.
Neither C. Koch, who describes and figures three forms to which he gives the names respectively P. fera, Perty, P. ochra- cea, C. K., and P. rufibarbis, Perty (Die Arach. xv. pp. 60, 62, and 64), all from Brazil, nor Keyserling, who figures the vulva of a species under the name P. rufibarbis, Perty (Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1881, p. 575, pl. xvi. fig. 21), defi- nitely selects the type of Phoneutria; neither, subsequently, does either Gerstiicker, Simon, Karsch, Holmberg, or Bésenberg, each of whom assigns one or more species to this genus, select the type.
* M. Simon kindly sends me the following information, Oct. 26, 1896 :—* Je n’ai pas retrouvé au muséum les types de Ctenus janeirus, sanguineus, rufus, fuscus, et dubius, Walckenuer, qui sont bien sir perdus,”
58 Mr. F. O. P. Cambridge on Cteniform Spiders
It is necessary, then, in case the genus should ever be re-established, to select one of the two species described under it by Perty as the type.
Although P. rujibarbis is the species first described, I am compelled to conclude that, unless the original type turns up, neither its generic affinities nor its specific identity will ever, or can ever, be established with any real certainty.
In coming to this conclusion one has to remark that in the figuré of the eyes of rufibarbis (1. c. pl. xxxix. fig.2) the anterior _ laterals are omitted, thus leaving us entirely in the dark as to the character of the eye-formula, while the figure of the spider is wholly unrecognizable ; nor do the descriptions assist us to make good the deficiency in this respect.
Neither does the only definite character offered of the spider’ itself in the description help us to identify the species ; and although it is probable that Perty is describing one of the Jarger Ctenine, there is no certainty in the matter. He says “ ochracea, chelicornubus rufo-hirtis,” a coloration which is to a greater or less extent characteristic of several other large species. There is, however, one character which,if it appeared on any form of large Ctenus, would go far to substantiate its identity — abdomine albo-punctato. Seriebus tribus longitu- dinalibus punctorum alborum ’’—a character which receives double significance from Perty’s figure. I am inclined to think that the artist fancied the picture incomplete without amiddle row of spots between the two usually found in certain species of the genus; but if one is found so decorated, my conclusion would need reconsideration. At present it is characteristic of none of the forms yet taken and assigned to rufibarbis.
There are before us, then, three distinct species to which this character “ chelicornubus rufo-hirtis”” would eqnally apply—the one to which Keyserling has assigned the name P. rufibarbis, Perty, of whose vulva he publishes a figure in Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1881, p. 575, pl. xvi. fig. 21, and two species, with bright red hairs on the mandibles, from the Amazons. Keyserling probably concluded that his specimen was Perty’s rufibarbis on account of this character, which is common to these three species at least; and I am thus com- pelled to conclude that P. rufibarbis, Perty, is a “ forma ignota,” whose specific characters are not recognizable. This being the case, I shall have much pleasure in naming P. Pertyt the form to which Keyserling assigned the name P. rufi- barbis.
One cannot but conclude that its generic affinities also are no longer to be known with any certainty, whatever the
Jrom the Lower Amazons €c. 59
probability may be; and I therefore select P. fera, Perty, as the type of the genus Phoneutria.
The next question is, What are the generic and specific affinities of this form ?
The figure (pl. xxxix. fig. 3) of the eye-formula leaves us in no doubt whatever that it is one of the forms which we now class as Ctenide. But, curiously enough, I have not yet, amongst some hundreds of examples from Messrs. Salvin and Godman’s collection from Central America, from Key- serling’s collection from South America, and from my own specimens collected on the Amazons, met with a single one whose eye-formula agrees with Perty’s figure.
In this figure the second row of eyes is strongly recurved (concavity backwards). In all the New- World forms I have been able to examine this row is either strazght or procurved.
It is a curious fact, however, that of numbers of Ctenine which have come before me from the Old World, very many forms from Africa do present exactly the character claimed in virtue of Perty’s figure for Phoneutria.
This fact undoubtedly accounts for the assignment of several African species by a number of authors to this genus.
I do not say that this eye-formula does not exist in the New World; but I dosay that the genus Phoneutria, if sepa- rated from Ctenus, Walk., can only be done so on this cha- racter, as the authors in question have done, and any New- World form assigned to the genus or to the species P. fera, Perty, must present this character unmistakably.
The type of the form to which Keyserling assigned the name Phoneutria fera, Perty, is now before me, and in this specimen the second row of eyes is most distinctly strazght. It cannot be called fera of Perty, and I have much pleasure in connecting with it the name of Count Keyserling, and shall refer to it below as Ctenus Keyserlingit.
As to the specific identity of the true P. fera, Perty, one is compelled to regard it as a “ forma ignota”’ also, though its generic relations are certain so far as the eye-formula is con- cerned. Keyserling probably concluded that Perty’s figure was erroneous ; most likely it is, but without any description bearing out such a conclusion, one has no right to assume it to be so.
M. Simon has remarked of Ctenus dubéus, Walck., that “il est synonyme du genre Phoneutria.” ‘his may be so, but only if we include all forms with eyes of the second row straight or recurved under one comprehensive generic group.
For the present, there being no immediate necessity for deciding whether Phoneutria should be regarded as a synonym
60 Mr. F. O. P. Cambridge on Cteniform Spiders
of Ctenus or not, since we know of no New-World species which we can with certainty assign to this genus, I would prefer to leave it an open question.
I have felt it necessary to enter thus minutely into the matter because one ought not to rename forms which already have been assigned certain names without making quite clear one’s reason for so doing.
The type of Thaumasia, Perty, is 7. senilis, Perty, being the only species described under this generic title. Lepto- ctenus agalenoides, L. K., is the only species originally assigned to the genus; while of the two species of Argoctenus, L. K., igneus and pictus, the type not having been men- tioned, I select the first-named as the type of the genus ; but of the four forms originally assigned to Microctenus by Key- serling, I select the first, I. ornatus, Keys. ; while Caloctenus aculeatus, Keys., is the only species described in 1877, and therefore will be the type of Caloctenus, Keys. ‘The type of the obscure genus Anahita, Karsch, since assigned by Keyserling to his interpretation of Ctenus, Walck., is the species A. fauna, Karsch, from Japan, being the only form then described. Tsoctenus foliiferus, Bertk., 9 juv., from Brazil, transferred by Keyserling to Ctenus, W1k., is the only species described by Bertkau, and must be its type. Of Ctenophthalmus, Sim., for which, being a nom. preoce., Thorell proposed (Ann. Mus. Gen. 2, xi. (xxxi.) 1891-92) the name Ctenomma, C. lineatus, Sim., remains alone as its type. Of the three species described under Cupiennius, Sim., who has not definitely selected the type, I select the first described, C. Getazi, Sim. The single species described by Thorell under Nydia, N. punctata, Thor., remains the type; while of Acanthoctenus, Keys., A. spint- gerus, K., the only species originally assigned, is the type. Of Acantheis, Thor., a name substituted for Acanthoctenus, Keys., Thor., under which the single species A. variatus, Th., was originally described, this species remains the type. “Enigma, Karsch, has the single species, originally assigned to it, 4. australiana, Karsch, as the type.
Part I.—(b) List of Genera and Species of the New World,
with Descriptions of new Species.
Genus Crenus, Walck., 1805. 1805. Ctenus dubius, Wlk. 9? 8,20 mm. Type of genus. Tabl. Ar. p. 18, pl. iil. figs. 21, 22. Spec. in coll. Mus, Paris. Cayenne.
1833. Ctenus Walckenaerit, Griffith. 2. An. King. Cuvier,
from the Lower Amazons &c. 61
pp- 417 and 426, t. xiii. There is no description, but a figure only, of one of the larger Ctenine. Had. ignota.— Walckenaer, Ins. Apt. ii. p. 459, doubts its distinctness from C. janeirus g. If he is right, Griffith’s name has priority. (Pl. ILI. fig. 2.)
1837. Ctenus fimbriatus, Walck. 9, 17°5 mm. Ins. Apt. i. p.364. Capeof Good Hope, Africa.—Has been selected by M. Simon as the type of (Zvturzus) Thalassius. He informs me, however, that the type no longer exists.
1837. Ctenus janetrus, Walck. 9, 16 mm. Ins Apt. i. p- 364. South America, Rio de Janeiro.—It seems not improbable that this species belongs to the Lycoside, for Walckenaer mentions the great height of the clypeus, though no mention is made of the number of tarsal claws.
1837. Ctenus sanguineus, Walck. 92, 23mm. Ins. Apt. i. p- 365. South America, Brazil.
1837. Ctenus unicolor, Walck. g, 18 mm., 9. Ins. Apt. i. p. 365. Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, and San Sebastian.— Walckenaer mentions that the palpal organs resemble those of the male of Segestria, and regards the species as iden- tical with Dolomedes concolor, Perty. If this is the case, the latter name, of course, has priority.
1837. Ctenus rufus, Walck. ?, 14°55 mm. Ins. Apt. i.
p- 367. South America, French Guiana.—Possibly a Lycoctenus.
1837. Ctenus fuscus, Walck. 9,9mm. Ins. Apt. i. p 368. South America, French Guiana.—Possibly a Lycoctenus.
1837. Ctenus rufibarbis (Perty), Walck. 9, 32 mm. Ins. Apt. 1. p. 369. Rio Janeiro, Brazil.
1837. Ctenus ferus (Perty), Walck. 9, 34mm. Ins. Apt. i. p. 3870. Rio Negro, Brazil.—Walckenaer accurately describes the eye-formula which he considers should be characteristic of Perty’s Phoneutria, though he includes both these forms under his own more comprehensive Ctenus, merely distinguishing them as a separate group of the genus. Keyserling has expressed an opinion that Walckenaer was wrong in attributing this eye-formula to Phoneutria. Walckenaer could but follow Perty’s figure, however convinced he might be that the figure itselt was erroneous, unless he was in the position to give a fresh diagnosis of the genus from the original type.
Mr. F. O. P. Cambridge on Cleniform Spiders
1848. Ctenus cinnamoneus, C. K. ¢ juv.?, 27 mm. Die Arach. xv. pp. 5-8, fig. 1457. Loc. ignota.—Possibly this species belongs to Lycoctenus. ‘The eyes suggest the genus Thalassius, Sim., but Koch makes no mention of the tarsal claws. Jihe legs are 4, 1, 2, 3, according to his figure.
1848. Ctenus concolor (Perty), C. K. 92, 17°55 mm. Die Arach. xv. p. 59, fig. 1458. Brazil—C. Koch regards this species as identical with Dolomedes concolor, Perty, and C. unicolor, Wik. The legs appear to be 4, 1, 2, 3, ac- cording to Koch’s figure, and it very likely belongs to Lycoctenus.
1841. Ctenus hibernalis, Hentz. ¢, 13 mm. Bost. Soe. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. p. 393. New Mexico.
1875. Ctenus hibernalis, Hentz. Spid. U.S. p. 35, pl. v. figs. 1-4. 8. Alabama.
1841. Ctenus punctulatus, Hentz. 2, 7 mm. Bost. Soe. Journ. Nat. Hist.iv. Alabama.
1875. Ctenus punctulatus, Hentz. Spid. U.S. p. 35, pl. v. figs. 5,6. ‘Texas, Arizona.
1873-4. Ctenus giganteus, Tacz. 9,45 mm.; ¢, 26 mm. Horee Soc. Ent. Rossice, x. p.91. Cayenne (2 juv.), St. Laurent de Maroni (¢).—This appears to be, as ‘Taczan- owski surmises, the largest known species of Ctenus, though one would doubt the possibility of identifying it with any certainty from the description.
1873-74. Ctenus bimaculatus, Tacz. 9,11mm. Hore Soe. Ent. Rossice, p. 92. Uassa, N.E. corner of Brazil, close to French Guiana.—lIt is next to impossible to identify this species from the description, and, since the number of tarsal claws are not mentioned, it is equally difficult to judge of its systematic position. From the following passage, however,—‘ Corselet brun marron, largement bordé de fauve ”—one would suspect it to belong to Lyco- ctenus, with Dolomedine characters. ‘The following cha- racter may be of assistance towards future identification :— ‘‘ Abdomen brun foncé, orné de deux grosses taches reni- formes fauves blanchatres. Pattes 4, 1, 2, 3.”
1875. Ctenus rujibarbis (Perty), Holmberg. Argentina,
1877. Ctenus Salti, Keys. 9,27mm. Verhand, z.-b. Ges. Wien, p. 685, t. ii, (vill.) fig. 53. Type in coll. Brit.
from the Lower Amazons &e. 63
Mus. Nat. Hist. London. Mexico, Vera Cruz, and Cordova. A specimen also from Guatemala in coll. Keyserl. —This type @ is identical with a number of females from Messrs. Salvin and Godman’s collection from Guatemala ; one of these, submitted to M. Simon in Oct. 1896, w as pronounced by him to be identical with his Cupiennius oculatus, 1891. The name Sa/éi therefore will have priority, and I retain the generic title given to this group by M. Simon for the present.
1877. Ctenus granadensis, Keys. 3, 16 mm.; 2,15 mm. Verhand. z.-b. Ges. hae p- 682, t. i. (vill.) fig. 51. Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. London. New Gra- nada, St. Fé de Bogoté.—This species belongs to the group of Ctenine to which Simon has given the name Cupi- ennius. It appears to be closely allied to his C. celerrimus ; since, however, there are no figures given, and the descrip- tion is inadequate for the purpose, I am unable to settle the point.
1877. Ctenus bogotensis, Keys. 9, 27mm. Verhand. z.-b. Ges. Wien, p. 684, t. 11. (vill.) fig. 54. Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. London. New Granada.—'This species does not belong to the Ctenine, but to Lycoctenus, having three tarsal claws and other Dolomedine characters.
1880. Ctenus cyclothorax, Bertk. g,19 mm. Mém. Acad. Belg. t. xlill. p. 56, pl.1. fig. 18. Tijuca, Brazil.—Key- serling refers this species to his genus Caloctenus, Bras. Spinn. 1891, p. 143, since tibie i. & il. bear seven pairs of long spines beneath. He says:—“‘ Ctenus cyclothoraz, Bert., gehort in die Gattung Caloctenus.” Bertkau considers it= Walckenaer’s group " Ambiguee, including C. janetrus 2, and that it is probably the male of -C, janezrus, while C. cinnamoneus, C. K., is the immature male of it.
1881. Ctenus argentinus, Holmb. ¢, 27 mm. An. Soc. Argent. p. 271. Argentina, Buenos Aires.—The spider, Holmberg remarks, is closely allied to Ctenus bogotensis, Keys., and C. Saléi, Keys. His excellent description shows that it very probably belongs to the same group as Saléi (bogotensis is a Lycoctenus), to which Simon gave the name of Cupiennius. Holmberg says :—‘ ‘ Femoribus lateribus dorsoque sordide albo nigroque viperino-macu- latis. Patellarum tibiarumque minus conspicuis lateribus notatis.” ‘This character would prove that it is probably distinct from Sale’, Keys.,=oculatus, Sim., but very
64 Mr. F. O. P. Cambridge on Ctentform Spiders
closely allied to Getazi, Sim. He adds, “ Abdomine.... duabus maculis punctiformis, ventre quatuor lineis pallide rufescentibus prope basin nascentibus, mamiilasque versus convergentibus signato.’’ These characters ought to help an identification, except that it is not easy to see what is meant by “‘duabus maculis,” whether two only, or two on either side; if the latter, it shares this character with Sa/é/. Holmberg also remarks that tibie i. and ii. possess 2, 2, 2, 2, metatarsi i. with 2, 2, 3, metatarsi il. with 2, 2, 1, 2 spines beneath ; also “‘mandibularum rima (aut canali) cum crista externa, seu postica, 4-dentata.” Thus showing clearly its affinities to Cupiennius.
1881. Ctenus rubripes, Keys. 9, 28 mm. Verhand. z.-b. Ges. Wien, p. 577, pl. xvi. fig. 23. ‘T'ype in coll. Dr. Koch, Niirnberg. Central America, Panama.—nince, according to Keyserling, this species has four pairs of spines under the anterior tibiz and also two lateral ones (in the female sex), it is not improbable that it belongs to Cupiennius, close to C. granadensis, Keys. The type is not in the Museum.
1884. Ctenus oculifera (Karsch), Sim. See sub Phoneutria oculifera, 1879. Mexico.
1887. Ctenus hybernalis, Hentz, V. Hasselt. 9 juv. Tijds. Ent. p. 227. Recorded from the Island of Curacao,
Antilles.
1891. Ctenus nigriventer, Keys. 9,30 mm. _ Bras. Spinn. p- 144, t. iv. fig. 98. Type in coll. Brit. Mus, Nat. Hist. London. Rio Grande do Sul (Dr. v. Lhering).—This form is very closely allied to C. boliviensis, sp. n., described below, as well as to C. Keyserlingii. ‘The external plate of the vulva is, however, shorter in proportion to the breadth than in either of the two latter species (cf. Pl. III. fig. ii. d, below).
1891. Ctenus ferus(Perty), Keys. 2,30 mm. Bras. Spinn. p- 145. Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. London. Rio de Janeiro (Dr. Géldi).—I need not here repeat my reasons for changing the name of this species to C. Keyserlingit (cf. sub Phoneutria jfera, Perty, above), I may add, however, that it is very unlikely that a species found at Rio Janeiro would be identical with one taken on the Rio Negro. The vulva having never to my knowledge been figured,
I give one from Keyserling’s type (cf Pl. III. fig. ii. ¢),
from the Lower Amazons &c. 65
1891. Ctenus vehemens, Keys. 9, 15°6 mm. Bras. Spinn. p. 146, t. iv. fig. 99. Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. London. Espirito Santo, Brazil (Dr. Géldi).
1891. Ctenus ornatus, Keys. Bras. Spinn. p. 146. See sub Microctenus below. Neu Freiburg.—N.B. The date 1876 quoted in Bras. Spinn. as that of the Vienna publication is not correct; it should be 1877. Type in coll. Dr. Koch, Niirnberg.
1891. Ctenus velox, Keys. §, 10°7 mm. Bras. Spinn. p. 147, tab. iv. fig. 100. Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. London. Atto da Serro, Neu Freiburg (Dr. Géld?). —Keyserling does not mention the spur on the posterior cox which distinguishes this form from all other males which I have seen.
1891. Ctenus brevipes, Keys. 9, 11°4 mm. Bras. Spinn. p- 148, t. iv. fig. 101. Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. London. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul (Dr. v. Lhering).
1891. Ctenus minusculus, Keys. 9,12°3mm. Bras. Spinn. p- 149, t. iv. fig. 102. ‘Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. London. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul (Dr. v. Lhering).
1891. Ctenus longipes, Keys. g, 17-4 mm. Bras. Spinn. p- 150, t. iv. fig. 103. ‘Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. London. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul (Dr. v. Ihering).
1891. Ctenus teniatus, Keys. g, 10-4 mm. Bras. Spinn. p- 151, t. iv. fig. 104. ‘Typein coll. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. London. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul (Dr. v. Lhering).
1891. Ctenus griseus, Keys. 2, 20°35 mm. Bras. Spinn, p- 152, t. iv. fig. 105. ‘l’'ype in coll. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. London. Brazil, Taquara do Mundo novo (Dr. v. Lhering).
1891. Ctenus medius, Keys. 9, 19 mm. Bras. Spinn. p. 153, t. iv. fig. 106. ‘Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. London (both examples). Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul (Dr. v. Ihering}, Rio de Janeiro (Dr. Géldi).
1892. Ctenus mordicus,O. Cambr. ¢,20mm.; 9, 27 mm. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Arach. p. 100, t. xi. figs. 6, 7. Guatemala.
Genus PHONEUTRIA, Perty, 1853. 1835. Phoneutria rufibarbis, Perty. 9,32mm. Del. Anim. Art. iii. p. 197, tab. xxxix. 2. Province of the Rio Negro, Ann. & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 6. Vol. xix. 5
66 Mr. F. O. P. Cambridge on Cteniform Spiders
Brazil.—I have set forth above reasons for considering that there is not sufficient evidence as to the identity of this form. None of the authors who have adopted Perty’s name mention that they have seen the original type speci- men, so that one can but conclude that their only evidence is drawn from Perty’s description and figures. These, in the case of rufibarbis, are sufficient neither for generic purposes nor for specific identification. I have very little doubt that the spider figured is one of the three species known to us, characterized by red-haired mandibles and the striped pedi- palpi; but one cannot be certain on such slender evidence as 1s offered to us in the figures.
1833. Phoneutria fera, Perty. 9, 34 mm. Del. Anim. Art. i. p. 197, tab. xxxix. 3. Province of the Rio Negro, Brazil.—The above remarks apply also to a certain extent to this species. The specific identity cannot be determined. 1 have little doubt that the figure of the eyes is entirely wrong and that Keyserling was right in his assumption that the two large Ctenine which he called ferus and rufi- barbis were congeneric with Perty’s species. There are several species, however, of both forms, either of which might equally well have been Perty’s original form; but no one, not even the “ earliest author,” has any right to assume that Perty’s figure of the eyes is wrong, and to act upon that assumption. If the figure is correct, then Key- serling’s ferus is not the same as Perty’s. I have assumed the figure to be correct, and have therefore given to Keyser- ling’s ferus a new name.
1848. Phoneutria fera, Perty, C. Koch. g, 29 mm.; 2, 34 mm. Die Arach. xv. p. 60, fig. 1459. Brazil.— Koch’s beautiful figure leaves no doubt that he had one or other of the large Cteninz before him, while the figure of the eyes and the red hue of the mandibles in the full figure suggest the form described below as C. Reidy, though one cannot be certain on this point. I have not met with any form in which the patella of the legs are distinctly red as he has depicted them. Whatever this species may be (and possibly the type is still in existence), one cannot consider it P. fera, Perty, nor Ctenus ferus, Walck., with both of which Koch regards his species as identical.
1848. Phoneutria rujibarbis, Perty, Koch. 2,29 mm. Die Arach. xv. p. 63, fig. 1461. Brazil_—Judging from the figure, it seems highly probable that this species is identical
from the Lower Amazons &e. 67
with the form described below as C. Andrews?, though there is not sufficient evidence to make it a certainty.
1848. Phoneutria ochracea, C. K. fg, 265 mm. Die Arach. xv. p. 62, fig. 1460.—I have not met with any form which agrees with this figure and description. Pos- sibly the type is also in existence.
1879. Phoneutria oculifera, Karsch. 9, 30 mm. Z. ges. Naturw. (3) iv. p. 350, with figure of vulva. Mexico.— Of this species Karsch says :—“ der innere Falzrand der Mandibeln trigt, von der Basis der Klaue entfernt, 4 sehr starke schwarze Ziihne, wihrend der dussere deren nur 2 besitzt, sehr nahestehenden . . . Phoneutria Saléi (Keys.).” Whether this form really belongs to the group to which Simon gave the name Cupiennius I cannot say. One would think probably not. The form of the vulva re- sembles very closely that of Lycoctenus bogotensis (iXeys.) and L. brunneus, sp. n.; but, as Karsch makes no mention of the number of the tarsal claws, it is impossible to say for certain. In any case it does not belong to the genus Phoneutria, Perty. Simon, in 1884, regards this species as congeneric with (Tvturtus) Thalassius, type 7. fimbriatus, Walck. I have not met with any form of this genus from
the New World.
1881. Phoneutria rufibarbis (Perty), Keys. 9, 33°2 mm. Verhand. z.-b. Ges. Wien, p. 576, t. xvi. fig. 22. Type in coll. Dr. Koch. Brazil, Neu Freiburg.—This appears to be a larger spider than that figured and described by Koch. Keyserling mentions the spines of the tibia as five pairs. Keyserling has described this form and figured the vulva, thus giving sufficient evidence that it is neither Reidyt nor Andrewsi. For reasons given above I have named this latter form C. Pertyz, since it cannot bear the name rufibarbis.
Genus CUPIENNIUS, Sim.*
1891. Cupiennius Getazi, Sim. ¢, 25 mm. Bull. Soc, Zool. Fr. xvi. p. 109. Costa Rica.
* Genus CuUPIENNIUS, Simon, 1891.
Tibie i. and ii. with four pairs of spines beneath, with two lateral spines on each side in 9 and g. Protarsi i. and ii..with three pairs of spines beneath and a single small stout spine at apex beneath in all four pairs. Legs 1—2,4—3. No dorsal spines above tibie i., i1., iii., and iv. No spines on patelle i., ii., iii, and iv. Lower margin of fang-groove
5*
68 Mr. F. O. P. Cambridge on Cteniform Spiders
1891. Cupiennius celerrimus, Sim. $,12mm.; 2,15 mm. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. xvi. p.110. Tetfé, Amazons.—Appa- rently very closely allied to C. granadensis, Keys.
1891. Cupiennius oculatus, Sim. 9, 26 mm. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. xvi. p. 110. Guatemala.—This species is iden- tical with the next but one, C. Saléi, Keys., also from Guatemala; the name Salé? has priority. See under Ctenus Saléi above.
1877. Cupiennius granadensis (Keys.)? See sub Ctenus granadensis above.
1877. Cupiennius Saléi (Keys.)? Syn. C. oculatus, Sim. 1891. See under Ctenus Saléi above.
Genus Microcrenus, Keys., 1877.
1877. Microctenus ornatus, Keys. 9?,19°7 mm. Verhand. z.-b. Ges. Wien, p. 687, t. il. (vill.) fig.62. ‘Type in coll. Dr. Koch. Neu Freiburg, Brazil—This species was in- cluded under Ctenus by Keyserling in Bras. Spinn. 1891 ; see above.
1877. Microctenus obscurus, Keys. 9,17 mm. Verhand. z.-b. Ges. Wien, p. 689, t. ii. (viii.) fig. 58. Type in coll.
with four teeth, upper with three. Second row of eyes procurved. Lateral anteriors midway between posterior centrals and posterior laterals, but not in the same line, Central anteriors one third smaller than poste- riors. Ocular quadrangle as broad as long, much narrower in front. Clypeus equal to 15 diameter of anterior centrals. Tarsal claws 2. Scopula beneath tarsi and protarsi i. and ii., apex of protarsus iii., absent on protarsus iv., present on tarsi iii, andiy. Patella and tibia i. much longer than patella and tibia iv.
Species. A, Femora of legs spotted or annulated beneath. 1. Femora marked beneath with numerous fine spots, haying also an apical annula ...... 2,25 mm C. Ge- tazi, Sim. 2, Femora marked beneath with three distinct
annul, two median and one apical ...... ?,26mm. C. Sale, Keys. (C. oculatus, Sim.). 8. In all probability add ......sccnegnarers 2,27mm. C. argen-
tinus, Holmb. B. Femora not annulated or spotted.
Glee). Uivigwis seh Ree ey A LO Sak ee 6,12; 9,15mm. G celerrimus, Sim, LR RECEP Chan irk cad eves Gy 205-9, 15 mma
granadensis, Keys,
from the Lower Amazons kc. 69
Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. London. New Granada, St. Fé de Bogoté.—Included under Ctenus by Keyserling in Bras. Spinn. 1891.
1877. Microctenus adustus, Keys. 9,11 mm. Verhand. z.-b. Ges. Wien, p. 690, t. ii. (viii.) fig. 58. T'ype in coll. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. London. New Granada, St. Fé de Bogoté.—Included under Ctenus by Keyserling in Bras. Spinn. 1891.
1877. Microctenus parvus, Keys. ¢, 8°2 mm. Verhand. z.-b. Ges. Wien, p. 692, t. il. (viil.) figs. 55,56. Type 9 in coll. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. London. New Granada, St. Fé de Bogoté.—Included under Ctenus by Keyserling in Bras. Spinn. 1891.
1881. Microctenus curvipes, Keys. g, 18 mm. Verhand. Z.-0. Ges. Wien, p. 079, t. xvi. fig. 24.” Type in coll. Dr. Koch, Niirnberg. Panama.
1887. Microctenus humilis, Keys. 9,11:4 mm. Verhand. z.-b. Ges. Wien, p. 456, pl. iv. fig. 35. Type in coll. Cambridge Museum, Mass., U.S.A. Central America, Nicaragua.
1886. Microctenus ravidus, EK. Sim. ¢, 16 mm. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1. N. Patagonia.—Without figures it is next to impossible to ascertain the species. It belongs, however, to that group in which the second row of eyes is procurved, the ocular quadrangle broader than long. The anterior centrals smaller, closer together, and the clypeus equal to one diameter of anterior central eyes.
Genus Isocrenus, Bertk., 1880.
1880. Isoctenus foliiferus, Bertk. 9 juv.,11 mm. Mém. Cour. Acad. Belg. xlii. p.61. Brazil, Chapeo d’uvas, Rio de Janeiro.—According to Keyserling, Bras. Spinn. 1891, p- 148, this species belongs to Ctenus, Keys. Bertkau mentions five pairs of spines beneath tibiz 1. and ii., so that very likely there is no real generic distinction; but one cannot say without seeing the type.
1880. ILsoctenus bicolor, EK. van Beneden. @ juv., 16 mm. Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xlix. p. 657. Loc. ignota, probably Brazil.—There is very little evidence as to its identity to be drawn from the description, save that it belongs to the group here characterized as Crenus. “ Tibize i. and ii. with five pairs of spines beneath.” Van Beneden himself says “ Ctenus, Keys., nee Walck.”
70 Mr. F. O. P. Cambridge on Ctentform Spiders
Genus CALOCTENUS, Keys., 1877.
1877. Caloctenus aculeatus, Keys. 9, 4 mm. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, p. 697, t. ii. (viil.) fig. 59. “Typeincoll. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. London. New Granada, St. Fé de Bogotd. —Having carefully examined the type specimen, I find it to be a two-clawed form. :
1880. Caloctenus major, Keys. 9, 19 mm. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, p. 337, t. iv. fig. 31. Type in coll. Mus.
Warsaw. Peru.
1882. Caloctenus major, Keys., Hasselt. IV. 3de Aflev. Nat. Historie Midden-Sumatra, pl. v. fig. 13. Figure of vulva.
1880. Caloctenus variegatus, Bertk. 15°5mm. Mém. Acad. Belg. t. xliii. p. 59, t. i. fig. 19. ‘Bras. Spinn.’ There- siopolis (San Jao de Ré), Brazil.—Since Bertkau remarks that tibiz i. and ii. have seven pairs of spines beneath, it is probable that this spider belongs to the genus in which he placed it, though why he did not also place eyclothorax in the same genus does not appear.
1891. Caloctenus cyclothorax (Bertk.), Keys. Bras, Spinn. 1891, p. 148, note.—This species belongs, so far as descrip- tion allows one to judge, to Caloctenus, Keys. See sub Ctenus above.
Genus LeprocTenus, L. K., 1875 ?
1888. Leptoctenus byrrhus, Sim. 2, 11 mm. Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr. viii. p. 210. Mexico.—L. Koch’s genus Lepto- ctenus is characterized by tibiw i. and 11. having four pairs of spines beneath. Clypeus only a little higher than the diameter of the eyes of the first row. Second row of eyes straight. Tarsal claws 2. Scopula absent. Labium half as long as maxilla, the latter much attenuated at base.
1888. Leptoctenus Tenkatet, v. Uasselt. 2, 17°35 mm. Tijdsch. Ent. xxxi. pt. 38, p.192. Surinam.— Van Hasselt gives the number of tarsal claws as two, but refers the species to the ‘ Lycoside.”
Genus ACANTHEIS, Thor., 1891-2.
1890. Acanthoctenus, Keys., Thor. Ann. Mus. Gen. 2, x. (xxx.) Sept. 1890, including :—1, A. variatus, Th.; 2, A.
eh
Jrom the Lower Amazons &c. 71
dimidiatus, Th.; 3, A. letus, Th., 1891-92. Sumatra. —These three species do not possess the calamistrum and cribellum characteristic of Acanthoctenus spinigerus, Keys. (type), according to Thorell. Thorell has more recently withdrawn his species and placed them under the name Acantheis. In Hist. Nat. Ar. i. p. 229, note, Simon refers them to the subfam. Ctenine in the fam. Clubionide. Of their tarsal claws Thorell says “ Unguiculi tarsorum bini graciles, longi, fortissime et equaliter curvati.”
1891-2. Acantheis, Thor. Sv.. Ak. Handl. xxiv. (2) p. 61, note, is the name given by Thorell to include <Acantho- ctenus variatus, dimidiatus, and letus, from Sumatra. Not having seen the types, I am unable to judge of their affinities ; but, from Thorell’s deseription, one would gather that they belong to the two-clawed ‘‘ Ctenine.” On p. 61 he says “Ad species illas asiaticas recipiendas, quas ad
- Acanthoctenum retuli et que organis illis carent, novum Cteninarum genus est creandum, quod Acantheis vocari potest.”
Genus Nyop1a, Thor., 1891-2. 1891-2. Nydia, Thor. Rag. Mal. iv. vol. i. p. 130. Type
N. punctata, Th., 9 juv. Sumatra; received from Rev. O. P. Cambridge (forbes).—It appears probable that this species, too, belongs to the Ctenine. ‘lhorell says that the eyes are in three rows, central row strongly recurved. Ocular quadrangle half as broad again behind as in front and a little longer than its anterior breadth. Labium transverse, truncate at apex. ‘Tarsi unguiculis binis muniti.”
Genns AinieMA, Karsch.
1878. dinigma australiana, Karsch. 9,11 mm. Z, ges. Naturw. (3) ii. p. 825. Type of genus. New South Wales.—Karsch says that the eyes are in two rows, the anterior somewhat shorter. He considers it to be near Dolomedes and Ocyale, adding ‘ aber es fehlt die After- klaue des ‘larsus der Beine.” One cannot judge well from the description of its systematic position; but 1 should expect to find it somewhere near Zora.
72 Mr. F. O. P. Cambridge on Cteniform Spiders
Table of New- World Genera of the Family Ctenide *.
Table of Genera.
A. Tibie i. and ii. with 4 or 5 pairs of spines be- neath. Protarsi i, and 11. with 3 pairs of spines beneath +. ; i¢ Tibie i, and ii, with 5 pairs of spines beneath ; no lateral spines in the female sex (appa- rently always present in the males). 1—1—1 dorsal spines on tibiee iii, and iv. Two late- ral spines on patellee iii. and iv. Lower margin of fang-groove with 5 teeth f. a, Second row of eyes straight or more or less PEOCUL YEO JS sieve mye es oe ee aes» cet Ctenus §. b. Second row of eyes distinctly recurved .... Phoneutria, Perty ||. II. Tibiw i. and ii. with 4 pairs of spines beneath ; females, as well as males, with two pairs of lateral spines, basal and distal. No dorsal spines on tibiz iil. and iv. No spines on patellee iii, and iv. Lower margin of fang- groove with 4 teeth. (Second row of eyes strongly procurved.). sae oa «stem Un gitar stele Cupiennius, Sim. Protarsi i. and ii with 3 pairs of spines beneath, 2 pairs of lateral spines, and 1 small apical spine beneath. B, Tibiz i. and 11, with 7 pairs of very long spines beneath. Protarsi i. and ii. with 7 pairs of Jongjspines beneath ...6scse es «5 sabres nn as Caloctenus, Keys.
The affinities of the genus Thaumasia, Perty (T. senilis), are very doubtful, the figure of the eyes alone offering no sure criterion, while the figure of the spider seems to suggest Lycosid affinities.
* I omit Leptoctenus, L. K. (to which genus a single species from Costa Rica has been assigned by Simon), since I do not know the genus at all, while Microctenus, Keys., is included under Ctenus in Bras, Spinn. 1891, Keys.
+ In these calculations are included the small apical spines ; care must be taken not to include a lateral spine, nor to exclude a lower spine, slightly inclining to a lateral situation.
¢ The fifth tooth at the basal angle of the fang-groove is in this group very small, and may easily escape notice, but is always, in all specimens which have come before me, unmistakably present, except in a few in- stances of individual abnormality. In the four-toothed forms there is no trace of this denticule.
§ The type of Ctenus, Walck.— C. dubtus—exhibits, according to his figure (Tabl. Aran, 1805, pl. iii. fig. 22), the straight second row of eyes with a Jabium longer than broad (fig. 21). His diagnosis of the genus also states that the second row of eyes is straight.
|| There is no evidence that the true Phoneutria fera of Perty pos- sessed the characters included under diagnosis A, the only recorded character being that set down at 0.
Jrom the Lower Amazons &c. 73
Genus CTENUS (? Ctenus, Walck.), provisional.
Diagnosis.—Eyes in three rows, second row straight, by anterior margins, or more or less procurved. Ocular quad- rangle longer than broad, as long as broad, or broader than long (7. e. comparing its outside length with the outside breadth of transverse space occupied by posterior central eyes) ; anterior side equal to or narrower than posterior side of quadrangle. Anterior centrals subequal to or less than posterior centrals. Carapace bluffly rounded behind, in some forms abruptly precipitous. Tibiz 1. and 11. with five pairs of spines beneath ; no lateral spines in female (present in male). Protarsi i. and ii. with three pairs of spines beneath, no central apical spine beneath; protarsi 1. and iv. with a single central apical spine beneath. Tarsi i. and ii. and pro- tarsi i. and il. with scopula beneath. Protarsus i. with apical scopula, iv. without scopula. ‘Tarsi ii. and iv. with scopula. Tibi iii. and iv. with 1—1—1 dorsal spines. Pa- tell i. and 11. without spines, 111. and iv. with one spine on each side.
Tarsal claws 2. Claw-tuft present. Patella and tibia i. equal to or much longer than patella and tibia iv. Lower margin of fang-groove with 5 teeth (4 large and 1 small *), upper margin with 3 (1 largeand2 small). Clypeus varying from twice the diameter of anterior centrals to half their diameter.
Examples :—C. Reidy?, sp. n., C.stnuatipes, sp. n., C. minor,
Spe ai.,; dc.
Table of Species. Males.
I. Carapace not raised andg ibbous at base above. Tibia and tarsus of pedipalp set with thick velvet pad of short soft hair on inner side .. C. boliviensis, sp. n.
II. Carapace distinctly raised and gibbous at base above (except longipes), slightly bilobate. Tibia and tarsus of pedipalp without pad of soft hair on inner side.
A. Protarsus iy. almost or quite straight. Ocu- lar quadrangle broader than long. Second row of eyes straight by anterior margins (in longipes slightly procuryed).
. Length of carapace equal to patella and tibia iii, (Abdomen unicolorous above, black below, with central, pale, longitu-
* This character is not absolutely reliable; in some females of the fame species the number varies from 5—3.
74 Mr. F. O. P. Cambridge on Cteniform Spiders
dinal, lanceolate band. Tibial spur of pedipalp longer than broad, directed forwards, obliquely truncate at apex, simple at base.) ‘ a. Size much larger, 17 mm. Abdomen
unicolorous above ...... Fe C. rectipes, sp. 1. b. Size much smaller, 75 mm. Abdomen : with pale band above....9......-.. C. minimus, sp. n.
ii. Length of carapace less than patella and tibia iii, (Abdomen with pale central line or scalloped band above.) a, Protarsus iv. quite straight. 1. Abdomen with central black band below. Tibial spur of pedipalp short, directed forwards, very proad at apex, as broad as long; lower anterior angle sharp. Central lobe of palpal organs small, as long as broad. Tarsus of pedipalp without spur ein |. dau eager Saitoh ee eile C. nigritus, sp. 0. 2. Abdomen unicolorous brown below. Tibial spur of pedipalp short, blunt, rounded at apex, set obliquely to axis of joint. Central palpal lobe large, much longer than broad. Tar- sus of pedipalp with spur at base paliind 20.5. RAR eae PATS PE C. longipes, Keys. b. Protarsus iv. slightly sinuous. 1. Size larger, 15°55 mm. ‘Tibial spur twice as long as breadth of base, directed forwards; (apex acute). Apical third of protarsus iv. con- cave on inner side .............. C. spiculus, sp. n.* 2. Size smaller, 10°5 mm. Tibial spur as long as breadth of base, directed forwards, deeply emarginate on lower side ; (apex acute) ........ C. planipes, sp. n.*
* The characters enclosed in brackets are not intended to alternate with others in the table, but merely to serve as a further clue to the identity of the form.
C. spiculus and planipes should more properly, by the form of protarsus iv. and the tibial spur, fall into section B. but the eye-position brings them into section A. All the above species (curvipes I cannot answer for, since I have not seen the type) can be readily separated also by the character of the central lobe and marginal spine of the palpal organs. These characters unfortunately do not always fit in with those furnished in the above table.
I am unwilling to tabulate the characters of teniatus, parvus, and velox, for they appear to stand somewhat apart from any of the forms in- cluded above. i 1e former may readily be recognized by the compara- tively short legs, small size, and quadrate tibia of pedipalp, as long as broad ; tibial spur long, curved, blunt, directed outwards and forwards, recurved at apex. Velox may be instantly recognized by the short spur beneath coxa iv. ; excepting for the eye-formula, it appears to come near C. planipes; its posterior protarsi are straight, as also are those of teniatus.
Ts =
from the Lower Amazons &c,
B. Protarsus iv. more or less decidedly sinuous. Ocular quadrangle longer than broad; second row of eyes procurved.
i. Basal section itself of protarsus iv. curved, its concavity lying on outer side of seg- ment, its inner side set with numerous stout, short, close-lying spines; three, more separate, more conspicuous, and set obliquely to axis of segment, situate towards apical end of basal curve. Apical section set on inner side beneath with row of black cuspules, short spines, and bristles.
a. Size larger, 22mm. Protarsus iv. much more strongly curved; basal section fringed along margin of outer con- cavity with long silky yellow hairs. Tibial spur of pedipalp directed for- wards, as long as width of segment; lower angle very acute, obliquely truncate at apex (much longer than in rectipes). Tarsus iv. set at almost
BING: Esceaisenk Stetancccrothete Wale gndver stale C. medius, Keys. b. Size smaller, 18 mm. Protarsus iv. much less sinuous, but general cha- racter the same. Outer margin of basal concavity not fringed with hairs. Tibial spur of pedipalp set at right angles to segment, curved forwards, trifid (or quadrifid) at apex, with stout spine at base behind. Tarsus iv. set in the same straight line with pro- WARS E Rete, Sete ra aun te cla Sete ye C. serratipes, sp. n ii. Basal section of protarsus iv. almost or quite straight, its central concavity lying on inner side. Inner margin of basal sec- tion without row of numerous curved spines. Apical section smooth beneath and on inner side. a. Basal angle of sinuous section set with stout, curved, chisel-headed spine lying between two stout long simple spines. Tibial spur stout, short, set at right angles to segment, bifid at PCE sic ei el ahaa hele gua a, 9 ahd ha C. sinuatupes, sp. n. 6. Basal angle of sinuous section with stout chisel-headed spine. Tibial spur long, slender, curved forwards and recurved at apex (sec. Keyserling’s PEOULCR aid Sa Avia sabi aieua eee C. curves, Keys.
Females.
] Tibia and tarsus of pedipalp with thick pad of short hair on the inner side. Patella and tibia i. much longer than patella and tibia iv. (Ocular quadrangle slightly: longer than
76 Mr. F. O. P. Cambridge on Cteniform Spiders
broad, not or only very slightly narrowed in front. Eyes of ocular quadrangle subequal, anteriors only slightly smaller. Second row of eyes straight by anterior margins, Legsi._ equal to or longer than legs iy.)
A. Tibia and tarsus of pedipalp black, with two narrow pale longitudinal lines in front. Vulva broad, without pair of dark central longitudinal ridges.
a. Size larger, 40 mm. ...... sfoa ies ae 6. Size smaller, 32-33 mm. 1. Legs i. longer than legs iv. Vulva
C. Reidy?, sp. n.
emarginate anteriorly......... g . C. Andrewsi, sp. 0. 2. Legs i. equal to legs iv. V ulva not emarginate anteriorly............-- C. Pertyi *, nom. nov.
( C.rufibarbis, Keys.) B. Tibia and tarsus of pedipalp unicolorous dark brown, without narrow pale lines in front. Vulva ‘elongate, with pair of parallel, cen- tral, longitudinal ridges. a. Abdomen with central, dorsal, pale scal- loped band (besides ‘lateral pale bands —boliviensis). 1. Size much larger, 40 mm. Ventral surface of abdomen without broad black longitudinal band.......... .. C. boliviensis, sp. n. 2. Size much smaller, 30 mm. Ventral surface of abdomen with broad black longitudinal band 4»... .agertesa ae C. nigriventer, Keys. 6. Abdomen unicolorous above, brown .. C. Keyserlingii, nom. nov. (C. ferus, Keys.) II. Tibia and tarsus of pedipalp without pad of short hair on inner side. Patella and tibia i. equal to or only slightly longer than patella and tibia iy. (Legs i i, shorter than legs iv.) A. Ocular quadrangle slightly longer than broad, scarcely narrower in front. Eyes of quadrangle subequal, anteriors slightly smaller. a. Second row of eyes straight by anterior
* There are no really reliable characters other than those drawn from small comparative diflerences of measurement, difficult and tedious to verify, to be found in these closely allied forms. Really good figures of the vulva are alone trustworthy and, as a rule, practicable. In the
majority of cases Keyserling’s figures suffice for distinguishing the above species.
C. adustus, Keys. (of which the type specimen is before me), is an immature Q, and one can scarcely regard it as a good species amongst forms which are themselves hardly to be distinguis shed, save by charac- ters which are manifest only in the adult.
I am at a loss to understand how experienced arachnologists, almost withont exception, with countless adult forms to be described, can per- suade Gmabetei es to base new species, and even new genera, on immature specimens, these very specimens even sometimes being mutilated, worn out, and without legs, as the authors themselves confess.
» — a
ee ight ™elsaeitnapess i, a ara pee
from the Lower Amazons ce. 77
margins. Patella and tibia i. longer than patella and tibiaiv. Size larger, 27mm. Vulva with a pair of oval, con- vex, obliquely convergent tubercles on PETIOL POTMOML? . 125 52 o-dnes cea s.. « C. medius, Keys. b. Second row of eyes procurved (straight line touching anterior margins of centrals passing through or above centres of late- rals). Patella and tibia i. equal to patella and tibia iv. Size smaller, 20—12 mm. 1. Carapace equal] in length to patella and tibia iii. (Vulva without oval tu- bercles in front, with pair of widely separate oval-elongate furrows cn each pide an [Ont ee. jelslnss gece ees C. sinuatipes, sp. 0. 2. Carapace longer than patella and tibia iii. * Size larger, 203 mm. Patella and tibia i. slightly longer than patella and tibia iv. (15°7—12'3 mm.) .... C. griseus, Keys. #* Size smaller, 12°3 mm. Patella an tibia i. equal to patella and tibia iv. (657 — Gem) ee ds aldose oe C. minusculus, Keys. B. Ocular quadrangle as broad as long or broader than long, distinctly narrower in front. Anterior eyes of quadrangle dis- tinctly smaller. a, Patella and tibia i. longer than patella and tibia iv. (9°9—7°5 mm.). * Size smaller, 15°53 mm. Legs i. scarcely shorter than legs iv. (26—
2G by Tam) Ses FEA 5 602 CAG ... C. variegatus, Bertk. ** Size larger, 17 mm. Legs i. dis-
tinctly shorter than legs iv. (25—
Za ige 11 11 ier piace, pepe tate pire is C. obscurus, Keys,
6. Patella and tibia i. equal to (or almost) patella and tibia iv. (p. t. i. 8°7—p. t. iv. 8:2, vehemens; p. t.i. 5'1—p. t. iv. 5°4, ' brevipes), slightly longer, _ slightly shorter, the rest equal. ]. Second row of eyes procurved, straight line touching anterior margins of cen- trals passing through centre of laterals. C. similis, sp. n. 2. Second row of eyes straight by anterior margins. * Clypeus narrower, equal to one dia- meter of anterior central eyes. aa. Size larger, 15-6—17 mm. Separable by form of yulva.... C. ornatus, Keys. C. vehemens, Keys, bb. Size smaller, 11—11°4 mm. Separable by form of vulva .... C. brevipes, Keys. C. adustus, Keys. C. minor, sp. n, ** Clypeus broader, equal to two dia- meters of anterior central eyes.... C. albofasciatus, sp. n.
78 Mr. F. O. P. Cambridge on Cteniform Spiders
Ctenus Reidyi *, sp.n., 2.
Hab. Forest, Santarem.
Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. London, 1896.
@. Length, including mandibles, 40 mm.
Colour.—Carapace orange-mahogany, clothed with short golden-brown hairs. Abdomen dull yellow-brown, clothed with golden-brown hairs. Mandibles stout, black, densely clothed with bright orange hairs in front. Coxe of pedipalp and sternum dark brown, the latter clothed with golden-brown hairs.
Legs. Coxa, trochanter, femur, and tibia orange-brown ; protarsus and tarsus dark brown, entirely clothed with golden- brown pubescence.
Pedipalp. Femur and patella orange-brown; tibia and tarsus clothed with a broad band of black pubescence on inner side, a thin line of grey pubescence, and another broader band, black, followed on the outer side with a broad band of grey pubescence, appearing on the upperside as two narrow grey lines.
Structure.— Carapace 16 mm. long, 13°5 broad ; abruptly inclined behind, slightly raised towards caput. Central groove distinct, segmental stria just discernible.
Eyes. Laterals situated on a. strong tubercle ; diameter of anteriors half that of posteriors, situate one diameter from them. Second row straight by anterior margins; the four centrals situated in a quadrangle, slightly longer than broad ; posterior centrals very slightly larger.
Mandibles with a shiny tubercle at base on outer side. Fang-groove with 5 teeth on outer margin, 3 on inner margin.
Legs (1.4) 2.3. Every segment except the first and last spinose. Tibia i. and ii, with a double series of 5, of iil. and iv. of 3, stout spines beneath.
Frotarsi i. and ii. with a double series of 3 spines, of iv. with an irregular series beneath.
Tarsi, protarsi i. and ii, and apex of tibia slightly, tarsi and protarsus iii. and tarsi and apex of protarsusiv. clothed with thick scopula. Femora, tibia, and protarsiiii. and iv. clothed beneath with golden-yellow hairs, 1. and ii. with pubescence only.
Tarsal claws 2, with claw-tuft on each side; armed on
* In honour of my friend Mr. R. Reidy, whose intimate acquaintance with Brazilian manners and customs and complete mastery of the lan- guage smoothed the way for us on many occasions during our expedition.
from the Lower Amazons Lc. 79
inner side with 3 small denticules. Spinners 6, anterior pair and posterior pair two-jointed.
Vulva consisting of a broad dark chitinous plate, emar- ginate before, broadly truncate behind (towards spinners), with two curved yellow side-pieces.
Measurements in millim.—Tot. len. 40, carap. 15°75; legs i. 62°5, ii. 59, li. 47°5, iv. 62°5 ; pat.+tib. i. 23, iv. 19, il. 15.
A single female of this species, the largest of the group met with, was taken by myself in the forest near Santarem. Tt was started from the palm-leaf thatch of a hut in the forest, in which we had taken refuge from the rain, by m companion Mr. T. Wallace, Jun. Its attitude, crouched down flat upon the surface with legs extended, made it appear, at first sight, to be a gigantic specimen of the ubi- quitous H. venatoria.
Ctenus Andrewsi*, sp. n., 2.
Hab. Santarem and Pard Forest.
Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. London.
2. Length 32 mm.
Colour the same as in Lezdy7, except that the abdomen has a dorsal series of three conspicuous and three smaller and less conspicuous spots on each side of the central line.
Vulva longer in proportion to its breadth. Lateral curved side-pieces absent, their place taken by a black tubercle sur- mounted by a sharp black spur.
Measurements in millim.—Tot. len. 32, carap. 12°25; legs i. 56, il. 51°5, il. 42°5, iv. 56; pat.+tib. i. 20, iv. 16, ii. 12°25.
‘Two temales were taken from the hollow stem of a decayed palm-tree in the forest close to Pard, near the Casa da Oleria. Both of them had a large dull white egg-sac attached to the inner surface of the hollow stem. ‘This form is evidently very closely allied to Reidyz, but, seeing that the two speci- mens from Pardé were evidently tully adult, the differences are not merely those due to immaturity, as one would have otherwise suspected. I shall be surprised if fresh material does not confirm the specific difference between the two forms, though it is never sate to prophecy without being in posses- sion of the facts. A third example was taken in the forest near Santarem, wandering about some wooden palings close
* I have much pleasure in naming this form after my friend Mr. T, An- drews, who contributed not a little to the general success of our scientific investigations.
80 Mr, F. O. P. Cambridge on Cteniform Spiders
to the Sitio Andirobal. These huge spiders are evidently nocturnal in their habits, the last-mentioned specimen having been disturbed from its hiding-place.
Ctenus boliviensis, sp. n., 3 @.
Hab. Bolivia.
Types in coll. Brit. Mus. Nat. ‘Hist. London, 1896.
3. Total length, including mandibles, 34 mm., 2 40 mm.
S .— Colour. ‘Carapace, lees, and sternum very dark red- brown mahogany, clothed with dull yellow-brown pubes- cence. Abdomen brown, clothed with yellow-brown pubes- cence. Legs clothed beneath with thick yellowish hair,
2 .—Colour similar to that of the male, but darker. Ab- domen with broad central scalloped pale band and two or three oblique lateral bands of pale spots extending down the sides, while the integuments have been denuded of pubescence. Pedipalps without pale lines in front. Mandibles clothed at apex with dull orange hairs.
3 -—Structure. Carapace, profile almost straight. Eye- formula similar to that of Beddyi and Andrewsi. Lateral eyes on a distinct tubercle ; second row straight by anterior margins. Ocular quadrangle slightly longer than broad, scarcely narrowed in front. Armature of legs similar in both sexes to that of Retdyz. Lower margin of fang-groove with Steeth, upperwith3. Tarsal claws 2, with 4curved denticules, Claw-tuft present. Scopula thick on protarsi and tarsi i. and ii., slighter on protarsus ili., and absent on that of iv. Tibia of pedipalp furnished with a very thick scopula, and its apex on outer side armed with a very stout, curved, chisel-headed spur. For palpal organs see PI. III. fig. ii. a, b, ¢.
9.— Structure similar to that of the male. ‘Uhe vulva was so damaged that no satisfactory figure can be made of it. It is, however, similar in general character to those of Keyser- lingti and nigriventer.
Measurements in millim.—Tot. len. 41, carap. 16°75 ; legs i. 65, ii. ?, iii. ?, iv. 64.
These, the largest species of the genus I have met with (except Reidy’), were taken by Herr Rolle at Madre de Dios (Bolivia), and were in the collection of the British Museum. They are allied to Retdyz, but have not the pale lines on the palps (@), nor is the hair on the mandible of so bright an orange.
Ctenus Perty?, nom. nov. (C. rufibarbis (Perty), Keys.). This species, of which I have not seen the type, appears to
from the Lower Amazons &c. 81
be closely allied to Retdyi and Andrewsi, but evidently quite distinct, if we may judge from Keyserling’s figure of the vulva. Cf. notes on C. rufibarbis (Perty), Keys., above.
Measurements in millim.—Tot. len. 33-2, carap. 132; legs i. 46°6, ii. 41:9, iii. 33°5, iv. 46; pat.+tib. i. 18°5, iv. 16, iu. 12-5.
Ctenus Keyserlingit, nom. nov. (C. ferus (Perty), Keys.).
The type of this form differs decidedly from both nigri- venter, Keys., and boliviensis, sp. n., in the form of the vulva (see PI. II. fig. ii.c), though the general character is the same. CY. notes on C. ferus (Perty), Keys., above.
Measurements in millim.—Tot. len. 30, carap. 17:2; legs 1. 50°9, 11. 48°3, iii. 3771, iv.51°8; pat.+tib. i. 20°5, iv. 18°2, lil. 14°3.
Ctenus nigriventer, Keys.
Distinguished from Keyserlingi? and boliviensis by the black ventral surface of the abdomen and a difference in the form of the vulva (Pl. LILI. fig. ii.d). To finally confirm or refute the apparent distinctions between these three forms one needs many more specimens. It is impossible to make definite assertions based on a single specimen of each form.
Measurements in millim.—Tot. len. 30, carap. 15; legs i. 44:9, il. 42°2, i. 34°3, iv. 46°85 pat.+tib. i. 17°9, iv. 16:4, il. 12°8.
Ctenus medius, Keys., 2.
The figure of the vulva given by Keyserling is quite sufi- cient to establish the distinction between this form and the others here recorded, even if the type had not been to hand by way of confirmation.
A female and a male (the latter described for the first time below, p. 87) were found in a collection from Theresiopolis, S. Brazil. The female is identical with the type of Keyser- ling’s medius.
Measurements in millim.— 2. Tot. len. 22, carap. 12; legs i, 37°5, iv. 42; pat.+tib. i. 13, iv. 12, ii. 10.
Ctenus nigritus, sp. n., 3.
Hab. Forest, Santarem. Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. London, 1896. 6. Total length (including mandibles) 15 mm.
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xix. 6
82 Mr. F. O. P. Cambridge on Ctenijorm Spiders
Carapace mahogany-brown, with fine pale central line ; clothed with fine yellow-grey pubescence.
Abdomen brown, clothed with black and grey hairs, mixed ; with a pale central dorsal line extending from the anterior margin to the spinners; shoulders black, a series of four black spots on each side; ventral surface with a broad wedge- shaped central black band, with two white spots at base and a white margin extending from the stigmatic orifice to the spinners.
Legs mahogany-brown above; sternum and underside of cox and femora pale yellow-brown ; clothed with fine silky yellow-grey hairs.
Carapace gibbous behind ; dorsal profile slightly concave.
Eyes. Laterals on a very slight tubercle; anterior much smaller than posterior, one third their diameter. Centrals forming a quadrangle a little broader than long, posteriors larger. Outer margin of fang-groove armed with 5 teeth, inner with 3.
Legs. Spinous armature similar to others of the group. Tibiz i. and ii. with five pairs of spines beneath. Tarsi alone of all four pairs bearing a scopula beneath. Tarsal claws 2, with four long broad denticules beneath. Claw-tuft present.
Palpus and organs (Pl. IIL. fig. vii. a).
A single adult male of this spider was taken by myself in the Forest of Santarem, February 1896.
Ctenus albofasciatus, sp. n., 2.
Hab. Forest, Santarem.
Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. London, 1896.
@. Total length (including mandibles) 14 mm,
Colour.—Carapace dark mahogany-brown, with broad central band of golden-grey pubescence, and a small spot on clypeus above base of each mandible.
Abdomen clothed with black and golden-orange hairs, with a basal, central, dorsal, longitudinal, pale golden-yellow band, extending to the middle of the upperside; shoulders very black. Ventral surface dark brown, with four longitudinal rows of pale spots.
Structure—Carapace gibbous and raised behind, dorsal profile slightly concave. Lateral posterior eyes on a distinct tubercle; lateral anteriors very small, their diameter less than half that of the former and distant from them twice their diameter. Centrals forming a quadrangle a little broader than long; posteriors slightly larger (Pl. ILI. fig. i. d).
Second row of eyes straight by anterior margins,
| stra, Lower margin of mandibles with 5 teeth, upper with 3.
from the Lower Amazons &c. 83
Legs. Spinous armature similar to others of the group. Tibiz 1. and ii. with five pairs of spines beneath. Anterior protarsi with three pairs of spines beneath. Protarsi and tarsi i. and ii. clothed beneath with very slight scopula, iii. and iv. tarsi only. Tarsal claws 2, armed beneath with four Jong broad denticules; claw-tuft present. ’
Vulva (Pl. III. fig. iv. b).
Measurements in millim.—Tot. len. 14, carap. 6°75; legs i. 20, iv. 25; pat.+tib. i. 7, iv. 7, ii. 5.
Two adult females of this richly coloured species were taken by myself in the Forest of Santarem in Feb. 1896.
Ctenus minor, sp. n., 2.
Hab. Forest, Santarem.
Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. London, 1896.
Total length (including mandibles) 11 mm.
Colour. Carapace pale brown, with central band of golden- yellow pubescence. Abdomen dark olive-brown, with numerous scattered groups of pale golden-yellow hairs; with a short basal central band and three or four transverse bars of pale pubescence; sides with three oblique lines of spots of golden-yellow hairs. Ventral surface paler, with numerous longitudinal indistinct lines of pale hairs. Legs pale brown, with numerous isolated short pale hairs and spots of hair.
Structure similar to that of albofasctatus. Vulva (Pl. IIL. fig. iv.c).
Measurements in millim.—Tot. len. 11, carap. 5; legs i. 15°5, iv. 19°5; pat.+tib. i. 5°5, iv. 5°5, iii. 4°25.
A single adult female of this small species was taken by myself in the Forest of Santarem, Feb. 1896.
Ctenus similis, sp. n., 2.
Hab. Forest, Santarem.
Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. London.
Total length (including mandibles) 12 mm.
This form is almost identical with C. albofasciatus except in being smaller, in not having the carapace raised behind, in having the second row of eyes procurved instead of straight, and in possessing a very different form of vulva (Pl. III. fig. iv. a).
Measurements in millim.—Tot. len. 12, carap. 7; legs i. 20°5, iv. 24; pat.+tib. 1. 7, iv. 7, iii. 5°25.
A single specimen from the Forest, Santarem, Feb. 1896.
6*
84 Mr. F. O. P. Cambridge on Cteniform Spiders
Ctenus planipes, sp. n., 3.
Hab. Forest, Santarem.
Types in coll. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. London.
Total length (including mandibles) 11 mm.
Colour. Carapace very pale yellow-brown. Abdomen darker brown, with central basal pale band extending to the spinners, the last half consisting of indistinct transverse spots; sides paler, spotted with brown. Legs pale olive- brown, clothed with long silky yellow hairs.
Structure, Carapace very much raised and gibbous at base, inclined towards ocular area. Eyes similar to those of albo- fasciatus; second row straight by anterior margins, central anteriors much smaller and forming a narrower transverse row than central posteriors. Ocular quadrangle broader than long. Armature of legs similar to others of the group. Tibiz i. and ii. with five pairs of spines beneath. Protarsi 1. and ii. with three pairs. Lower margin of fang-groove with 5, upper with 3 denticules.
For structure of pedipalp and organs see Pl. III. fig. vi. b. ~
Tibia with a short, curved, sharp black spur, directed for- wards along the side of the tarsus, not projecting from the joint. : A single adult male of this species, which belongs to the group including sinuatipes, sp. n., curvipes, Keys., and several other forms